Endnotes
1. Despite the Republicans dismantling of most of the appointments, Marshall and the judiciary would soon set the precedent for judicial review. See "Midnight Judges," American Law Encyclopedia Volume7, http://law.jrank.org/pages/8558/Midnight-Judges.html)
2. Jerome Ager, and Mort Gerberg, The U.S. Constitution for Everyone (New York: Perilee Book, The Berkeley Publishing Group, 1987), 44-46.
3. Alexis De Tocqueville, Democracy in America, ed. Phillips Bradley (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1976).
4. Richard Posner, Breaking the Deadlock The 2000 Election, The Constitution, and the Courts (Princeton: Princeton University Press), 221-251. Posner critiques the Electoral College as undemocratic in Chapter 5, "Consequences and Reforms" but suggests it is preferential to the potential problems associated with deadlock should a candidate challenge vote counts in multiple states simultaneously under a system of popular election.
5. Seminar notes from Ian Shapiro, "The Theory and Practice of Democracy", A Yale National Initiative Seminar. Yale University July 2008.
6. Seminar notes from Ian Shapiro, "The Theory and Practice of Democracy", A Yale National Initiative Seminar. Yale University July 2008.
7. Robert Dahl, On Democracy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998), 145.
8. Neil MacFarquhar, "U.S. pushes U.N. Sanctions on Zimbabwe and Mugabe", New York Times July 4, 2008 http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/04/world/africa/04zimbabwe.html?_r=1&oref=slogin
9. Ray Suarez, "Mexico Election 2006", The Online NewsHour, December 1,2006. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/north_america/mexico_election06/index.html James McKinley, "Gunmen Kill Chief of Mexico's Police", New York Times May 9, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/09/world/americas/09mexico.html?hp
10. Alessandra Stanley, "Russian Congress Votes to Release Yeltsin's Enemies" New York Times February 24, 1994. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05E3D8113BF937A15751C0A962958260
11. Joanne Freeman, "The Presidential Election of 1800: A Story of Crisis, Controversy, and Change". History Now. American History Online Issue I September 2004 http://www.historynow.org/09_2004/historian4.html
12. R.B. Bernstein, Thomas Jefferson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), p.156.
13. http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/votes/1789_1821.html#1800
14. R.B. Bernstein, Thomas Jefferson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 161
15. R.B. Bernstein, Thomas Jefferson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 162
16. R.B. Bernstein, Thomas Jefferson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 156.
17. Richard Posner, Breaking the Deadlock The 2000 Election, The Constitution, and the Courts (Princeton: Princeton University Press), 48-150.
18. For a list of states that do and do not require electors to vote for specific candidates go to the United States National Archives and Records Administration site.) http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/laws.html
19. http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/faq.html#takeall
20. Jeff Berry, Kenneth Janda, and Jerry Goldman, The Challenge of Democracy (Houghton Mifflin 9 th edition, 2008), p.274
21. 21. Jeff Berry, Kenneth Janda, and Jerry Goldman, The Challenge of Democracy (Houghton Mifflin 9 th edition, 2008), p.274
22. R.B. Bernstein, Thomas Jefferson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), p.157
23. "Historical Election Results" NARA
http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/scores.html#1824 (accessed July/August 2008)
24. James S. Fishkin, "Deliberative Polling: Toward a Better-Informed Democracy." The Center for Deliberative Democracy (Stanford University) http://cdd.stanford.edu/polls/docs/summary/
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