Solving Environmental Problems through Engineering

CONTENTS OF CURRICULUM UNIT 20.04.04

  1. Unit Guide
  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. Rare Earth Elements
  3. RATIONALE
  4. CONTENT OBJECTIVES (aligned to science standards)
  5. BACKGROUND CONTENT 
  6. Recycling REEs in Magnets  
  7. TEACHING STRATEGIES: (Aligned to the Content Objectives)
  8. UNIT ACTIVITIES
  9. APPENDIX ON IMPLEMENTING DISTRICT STANDARDS
  10. STUDENT RESOURCES
  11. Anticipation Guide
  12. TEACHER RESOURCES
  13. BIBLIOGRAPHY
  14. Notes

The Life Cycle of Rare Earth Elements

Cristobal Rene Carambo

Published September 2020

Tools for this Unit:

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ali, Saleem H. “Social and Environmental Impact of the Rare Earth Industries.” Resources 3, no. 1 (2014): 123–34. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources3010123.

Binnemans, Koen, Peter Tom Jones, Bart Blanpain, Tom Van Gerven, Yongxiang Yang, Allan Walton, and Matthias Buchert. “Recycling of Rare Earths: A Critical Review,” 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.037.

Dhaliwal, Harnoor. “LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT,” 2010. www.earthshiDglobal.com.

Gibson, M, and I Parkinson. “Once Ignored on the Periodic Table, Don’t Ignore Them Now.” Toronto, 2011. http://www.slideshare.net/RareEarthsRareMetals/cibc-report.

Gosen, Bradley S Van, Philip L Verplanck, Robert R Seal II, Keith R Long, and Joseph Gambogi. “Rare-Earth Elements, Chap. O of Critical Mineral Resources of the United States-Economic and Environmental Geology and Prospects for Future Supply.” U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802, 2017, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1802O.

Graedel, T. E., Julian Allwood, Jean Pierre Birat, Matthias Buchert, Christian Hagelüken, Barbara K. Reck, Scott F. Sibley, and Guido Sonnemann. “What Do We Know about Metal Recycling Rates?” Journal of Industrial Ecology 15, no. 3 (2011): 355–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00342.x.

Guinee, Jeroen, and Reinout Heijungs. “An Overview of the Life Cycle Assessment Method-Past, Present, and Future.” In Life Cycle Assessment Handbook: A Guide for Environmentally Sustainable Products., edited by MA Curran, 15–52. Beverly: Scrivener Publishing, 2012.

Hirano, Seishiro, and Kazuo T. Suzuki. “Exposure, Metabolism, and Toxicity of Rare Earths and Related Compounds.” Environmental Health Perspectives 104, no. SUPPL. 1 (1996): 85–95. https://doi.org/10.2307/3432699.

Ives, Mike. “Boom in Mining Rare Earths Poses Mounting Toxic Risks - Yale E360.” Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, 2013. http://e360.yale.edu/features/boom_in_mining_rare_earths_poses_mounting_toxic_risks.

Jolliet, O., K. Cotting, C. Drexler, and S. Farago. “Life-Cycle Analysis of Biodegradable Packing Materials Compared with Polystyrene Chips: The Case of Popcorn.” Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. Vol. 49, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(94)90055-8.

Jones, Peter Tom, Daneel Geysen, Yves Tielemans, Steven Van Passel, Yiannis Pontikes, Bart Blanpain, Mieke Quaghebeur, and Nanne Hoekstra. “Enhanced Landfill Mining in View of Multiple Resource Recovery: A Critical Review.” Journal of Cleaner Production 55 (2013): 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.05.021.

Liang, Tao, Kexin Li, and Lingqing Wang. “State of Rare Earth Elements in Different Environmental Components in Mining Areas of China.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 186, no. 3 (2014): 1499–1515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3469-8.

Navarro, Julio, and Fu Zhao. “Life-Cycle Assessment of the Production of Rare-Earth Elements for Energy Applications: A Review.” Frontiers in Energy Research 2, no. NOV (2014): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2014.00045.

Pitron, Guillame. “Dirty Metals: Digging Deeper into the Energy Transition.” Green European Journal, 2018. https://www.greeneuropeanjournal.eu/dirty-rare-metals-digging-deeper-into-the-energy-transition/.

Scheyder, Ernest. “California Rare Earths Miner Races to Refine amid U.S.-China Trade Row - Reuters.” Business News, 2019. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-rareearths-mpmaterials/california-rare-earths-miner-races-to-refine-amid-u-s-china-trade-row-idUSKCN1VD2D3.

Shaked, S, and O. Jolliet. “Global Life Cycle Impacts of Consumer Products.” In Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, 331–42, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11700-2.

Tharumarajah, Ambalavanar, and Paul Koltun. “Cradle to Gate Assessment of Environmental Impact of Rare Earth Metals.” Proceedings of the 7th Australian Conference on Life Cycle Assessment, Melbourne, Australia, 9–10, 2011, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01073.

Vodyanitskii, Yu N. “Geochemical Fractionation of Lanthanides in Soils and Rocks: A Review of Publications.” Eurasian Soil Science 45, no. 1 (2012): 56–67. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229312010164.

Weidema, Bo. “The Product, Functional Unit and Reference Flows in LCA Introduction to the Series,” n.d.

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