Eloquence

Notes

Each of the resources listed below has helped me like a good friend. I'd like to honor the knowledge received from them.

(1) The Chicago Fire of 1871 [summary and images used from history.com] should be referenced as influencing The Chicago School of Architecture. Louis Sullivan's mantra: "Form ever follows function", can be viewed from the perspective of the Chicago native who lived through the fire. The city was rebuilt entirely in stone and steel for safety.

(2, 3, 10, 13) Joseph Siry discusses the politics of the building in his article Opera or Anarchism. The culture of anarchism in Chicago at the time was mainly in the labor class. August Spies and Albert Parsons were influential socialists who were accused of organized crime. I also used information from Joseph Siry's writing on the interior of the building. He stressed how involved Sullivan was in the design and art creation and quotes Sullivan's poem.

(4, 12) Edward R. Garczynski commemorates the building by first quoting the definition of an auditorium, that an auditorium is for the audience/the public and very different from a palladium which is for the ruling class. Edward R. Garczynski also discusses the Roman Empire and its parallels in the acoustical design of the Auditorium by Adler.

(5) Imre Kiralfy and his family created numerous pageants during the art form's heyday. He wrote of the importance of giving "The Grand Spectacle, America" meaning, that tableau would not do the World's Fair event justice.

(6, 7) Crombie Taylor's text did not note Mrs. Spachner's first name, but the Chicago's Landmark Stage website did: Beatrice, which I added to the text of the unit. Also noted is that Spachner invited Crombie Taylor to the reopening gala a bit late and he did not make the reopening of the theater due to work out of town.

(8) Jay Fliegelman discusses the revolutionary nature of American culture. This idea that fuels the Declaration of Independence as an act instead of a document, directly relates to the political force behind the Auditorium's conception.

(9) Fremont O. Bennett wrote the primary source of minutes for political events in Chicago. He recorded the names of board members for the Auditorium as well as the designers.

(11) Chicago's Landmark Stage website provides ample information on the interior and exterior of the theater as well as virtual tours of each.

(14, 15) Stewart Brand discusses how a building might learn. This is what helped me to shape the idea of a building listening. Brian Eno is quoted by Brand at the end of his book. The idea of a space meeting each person at their own complexity in both concrete and abstract.

(16) Matthew Craske discusses monuments and the rhetoric of certain style of monuments. He refers to the statues as eulogies in the visual form. I have taken this idea and layered it into our exploration of the theater.

(17) Garry Wills discusses The Gettysburg Address as revolution in thought and style for America, provoked by Lincoln himself. This provides a parallel for me in the unit for The Auditorium Building. The thought behind the building informed the style of the building: "All men are created equal."