The Problem of Mass Incarceration

CONTENTS OF CURRICULUM UNIT 19.02.04

  1. Unit Guide
  1. Prologue
  2. Rationale 
  3. Overview and Content Objectives 
  4. Content Background 
  5. Conclusion
  6. Teaching Strategies and Timing of the Unit
  7. Student Activities
  8. Appendix
  9. Bibliography
  10. Notes

Understanding and Challenging the Overcriminalization of Youth of Color

Anette Norona

Published September 2019

Tools for this Unit:

Notes

  1. Kristin Henning. "Criminalizing Normal Adolescent Behavior in Communities of Color: The Role of Prosecutors in Juvenile Justice Reform," Cornell Law Review 98, no. 2 (January 2013): 397
  2. Ibid, 387.
  3. Ibid, 403.
  4. The Sentencing Project. “Latino Disparities in Youth Incarceration.” SentencingProject.org. Accessed May 5. https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/latino-disparities-youth-incarceration.
  5. Kristin Henning. "Criminalizing Normal Adolescent Behavior in Communities of Color: The Role of Prosecutors in Juvenile Justice Reform," Cornell Law Review 98, no. 2 (January 2013): 432.
  6. James Bell and Raquel Mariscal. "Race, ethnicity, and ancestry in juvenile justice." Juvenile justice: Advancing research, policy, and practice(2011): 116.
  7. Ibid, 117.
  8. Ibid, 117-118.
  9. James Bell. "Repairing the Breach: A Brief History of Youth of Color in the Justice System." (2016): 5.
  10. Quinn Myers. National Public Radio. “How Chicago Women Created the World’s First Juvenile Justice System.” NPR.org. Accessed July 6. https://www.npr.org/local/309/2019/05/13/722351881/how-chicago-women-created-the-world-s-first-juvenile-justice-system.
  11. James Bell and Raquel Mariscal. "Race, ethnicity, and ancestry in juvenile justice." Juvenile justice: Advancing research, policy, and practice(2011): 119.
  12. James Bell. "Repairing the Breach: A Brief History of Youth of Color in the Justice System." (2016): 12.
  13. Chávez-García, Miroslava. States of Delinquency: Race and Science in the Making of California's Juvenile Justice System. Vol. 35. Univ of California Press, 2012: 1
  14. Ibid, 2.
  15. Ibid, 3.
  16. Ibid, 3.
  17. Sandra Bass. "Policing space, policing race: Social control imperatives and police discretionary decisions." Social Justice28, no. 1 (83 (2001): 157.
  18. Ibid, 157.
  19. The Opportunity Agenda. “Racial Divides in Attitudes Toward the Police.” OpportunityAgenda.org. Accessed July 20, 2019. https://www.opportunityagenda.org/explore/resources-publications/new-sensibility/part-iv.
  20. Bass, Sandra. "Policing space, policing race: Social control imperatives and police discretionary decisions." Social Justice28, no. 1 (83 (2001): 166.
  21. Ibid, 169.
  22. Rios, Victor M. Human targets: Schools, police, and the criminalization of Latino youth. University of Chicago Press, 2017: 75.
  23. Ibid, 75.
  24. Ibid, 75.
  25. Ibid, 78-79.
  26. Ibid, 82.
  27. Rios, Victor M. Punished: Policing the lives of Black and Latino boys. NYU Press, 2011: 118.
  28. Rios, Victor M. Human targets: Schools, police, and the criminalization of Latino youth. University of Chicago Press, 2017: 58.
  29. Del Toro, Juan, Tracey Lloyd, Kim S. Buchanan, Summer Joi Robins, Lucy Zhang Bencharit, Meredith Gamson Smiedt, Kavita S. Reddy, Enrique Rodriguez Pouget, Erin M. Kerrison, and Phillip Atiba Goff. "The criminogenic and psychological effects of police stops on adolescent black and Latino boys." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences116, no. 17 (2019): 8261.
  30. Kupchik, Aaron. “School to Prison Pipeline: Rhetoric and Reality.” Choosing the future for American juvenile justice. NYU Press, 2014: 96.
  31. Siham Fernandez, Jessica, Kirshner, Ben, and Deana Lewis. “Strategies for Systemic Change: Youth Community Organizing to Disrupt the School-to-Prison Nexus. Contemporary Youth Activism: Advancing Social Justice in the United States: Advancing Social Justice in the United States. ABC-CLIO, 2016: 95.
  32. Ibid, 95.
  33. Ibid, 96.
  34. Education Data Partnership. “East Side Union High.” Ed-data.org. Accessed July 21, 2019. http://www.ed-data.org/district/Santa-Clara/East-Side-Union-High.
  35. Shaban, Bigad, Bolt, Michael, and Mark Villareal. “School District Called Police 1745 Times in Single School Year.” NBC Bay Area News. Accessed 28, 2019. https://www.nbcbayarea.com/investigations/School-District-Called-Police-on-Students-1745-Times-in-Single-School-Year-330015791.html.
  36. Jain, Sonia, Bassey, Henrissa, Brown, Martha and Preety Karla. “Restorative Justice In Oakland Schools: Implementation and Impacts.” Data in Action LLC. 2014.
  37. Kwon, Soo Ah. "Youth of color organizing for juvenile justice." Beyond resistance(2006): 218.
  38. Gurza, Agustin. "The Hidden Dangers in Proposition 21: Orange County Edition]." Los Angeles Times,Jan 29, 2000. Accessed July 25, 2019. https://search.proquest.com/docview/421590239?accountid=15172.
  39. Kwon, Soo Ah. "Youth of color organizing for juvenile justice." Beyond resistance(2006): 218.
  40. Ibid, 218.
  41. Christens, Brian D., and Ben Kirshner. "Taking stock of youth organizing: An interdisciplinary perspective." New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development2011, no. 134 (2011): 28.
  42. Ibid, 33.
  43. Ibid, 30.
  44. Ibid, 37.
  45. Flores, G., M. L. Goeke, and R. Perez. 2014. The Power of Youth in Improving Community Conditions for Health. NAM Perspectives.Discussion Paper, National Academy of Medicine, Washington, DC. doi: 10.31478/201409b, 1.
  46. Rogers, John and Veronica Terriquez. “It Shaped Who I am as a Person: Youth Organizing and the Educational and Civic Trajectories of Low-Income Youth.” Contemporary Youth Activism: Advancing Social Justice in the United States: Advancing Social Justice in the United States. ABC-CLIO, 2016: 143.
  47. Conner, Jerusha and Sonia Rosen. “Introduction. Contemporary Youth Activism: Advancing Social Justice in the United States: Advancing Social Justice in the United States. ABC-CLIO, 2016: 1-2.
  48. Ibid, 23.
  49. Kwon, Soo Ah. "Youth of color organizing for juvenile justice." Beyond resistance(2006): 217.
  50. Glionna, John M. "The State; Teens Gain in Fight Against Jail; Alameda County: Using Nonviolent Tactics of the Civil Rights Movement, Minority Youths Win Reductions in the Size, Funding of Juvenile Hall.: Home Edition]." Los Angeles Times,Nov 13, 2001. Accessed July 24, 2019. https://search.proquest.com/docview/421679502?accountid=15172.
  51. Kwon, Soo Ah. "Youth of color organizing for juvenile justice." Beyond resistance(2006): 216.
  52. Tilton, Jennifer. "Stop the Super Jail for Kids." Childhood, youth, andsocial work in transformation: Implications for policy and practice(2009): 117.
  53. Tilton, Jennifer. "Stop the Super Jail for Kids." Childhood, youth, andsocial work in transformation: Implications for policy and practice(2009): 115.
  54. Ibid, 116.
  55. Ibid, 119.
  56. Ibid, 119.
  57. Kwon, Soo Ah. "Youth of color organizing for juvenile justice." Beyond resistance(2006): 216.
  58. Ibid, 226.
  59. Ibid, 222.
  60. Ibid, 222.
  61. Ibid, 224.
  62. London, Jonathan K. "Power and pitfalls of youth participation in community-based action research." Children Youth and Environments17, no. 2 (2007): 407.
  63. Ibid, 408.
  64. Ibid, 415.
  65. Ibid, 417.
  66. Ibid, 417.
  67. Ibid, 419.
  68. Forman Jr, James. “Problems of Mass Incarceration.” Lecture, Yale National Initiative Talks from Yale University, New Haven, CT, July 11, 2019.
  69. Deruy, Emily. “Bitter Divide in San Jose over how to approach rise in juvenile crime.” The Mercury News. April 27, 2019. Accessed July 12, 2019. https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/04/26/bitter-divide-over-how-to-approach-rise-in-juvenile-crime.
  70. 2017 Santa Clara County Juvenile Justice Annual Report. Probation Department, Research and Development Unit, 2017.
  71. Deruy, Emily. “Bitter Divide in San Jose over how to approach rise in juvenile crime.” The Mercury News. April 27, 2019. Accessed July 12, 2019.
  72. Santa Clara’s District Attorney’s Office. “A Targeted, Collaborative and Comprehensive Approach to Reducing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Santa Clara County: A Focus on Arrests on 95122.” October 2014.
  73. Bickmore, Kathy. "Peer mediation training and program implementation in elementary schools: Research results." Conflict Resolution Quarterly20, no. 2 (2002): 138
  74. Ibid, 139.
  75. Schneider, Jeffrey Michael. Youth Courts: An empirical update and analysis of future organizational and research needs. George Washington University, Hamilton Fish Institute on School and Community Violence, 2008: 1.
  76. Ibid, 2.

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