Bibliography
Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. London: Penguin Books, 2019. Essential reading on how the modern justice system came to reproduce the societal effects of Jim Crow.
Baldwin, James. "Fifth Avenue, Uptown: A Letter from Harlem." Esquire, July 1, 1960.
https://classic.esquire.com/article/1960/7/1/fifth-avenue-uptown. His essay draws a picture of the urban scenario that Jay-Z depicts in his video. It also illustrates daily life and psyche of black urban America as they relate to crime of the time.
Belusko, Jan Wallace. The Pendulum of Change: Oklahoma's Juvenile Justice System. PhD diss., Oklahoma State University, 2006. Oklahoma State University, 2006. 4-20. Belusko has distilled a lot of the history of OK's juvenile justice system, making it an efficient source of background, but it also ignores a few darker problems in the history. See Jeremy Mason's entry in this bibliography to pick up another perspective.
Burnett, Ros, and Colin Roberts, eds. What Works in Probation and Youth Justice Developing Evidence-Based Practice. Portland, OR: Cullomton, 2004.
Check the accuracy of this bib. (Publication info.)
"Central Oklahoma Juvenile Center." Oklahoma Office of Juvenile Affairs. 2019. https://www.ok.gov/oja/Residential_Treatment_Centers/Central_OK_Juvenile_Center/index.html. Current website for OK office of Juvenile Affairs, with some history.
Cullen, Francis T., Cheryl Lero Jonson, and Daniel S. Nagin. “Prisons Do Not Reduce Recidivism.” The Prison Journal 91, no. 3_suppl (2011): 45S–65S. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885511415224.
"David Muhammad on Reinventing Juvenile Probation." The Annie E. Casey Foundation. April 23, 2019. Accessed July 16, 2019. https://www.aecf.org/blog/podcast-david-muhammad-on-reinventing-juvenile-probation/. Excerpted from a podcast by David Muhammad, a specialist on criminal and juvenile justice reform.
Dowd, Nancy E. A New Juvenile Justice System: Total Reform for a Broken System. New York: New York University Press, 2015.
Eger, Andrea. "Doris Fransein: District Court Chief Juvenile Judge Empties Bucket List before Retirement." Tulsa World, December 15, 2018. Accessed July 12, 2019. Doris Fransein: District Court chief juvenile judge empties bucket list before retirement. Retired judge Fransein oversaw the years of most dynamic change in the Tulsa juvenile court system, advocating for holistic treatment of families and youth, rather than as criminals. I also conducted a personal interview with her.
Eger, Andrea. "Day 8: Breaking the Cycle: What the Leading Voices for Change Say Oklahoma Needs to Reduce Chronic Childhood Traumas." Tulsa World, July 7, 2019. Accessed July 7, 2019. https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/day-breaking-the-cycle-what-the-leading-voices-for-change/article_fb4e9e71-f115-53e2-a34f-5fcdfb3064df.html. Part of a Tulsa World feature series on the effects of trauma; this one especially discusses the relationship to incarceration.
"Family Center for Juvenile Justice: Tulsa County." Selser Schaefer Architects. 2019. https://www.selserschaefer.com/projects/family-center-for-juvenile-justice/.
Architect's description of the new Tulsa County juvenile facility.
"Doris Fransein Interview." Interview by author. June 05, 2019.
Now retired, Doris Fransein was a long-time family judge in the Tulsa juvenile court system.
Hager, Eli. "The Criminal Justice Reform Bill You've Never Heard Of." The Marshall Project. December 13, 2018. Accessed June 19, 2019. https://www.themarshallproject.org/2018/12/12/the-criminal-justice-reform-bill-you-ve-never-heard-of. The non-profit Marshall Project is an accessible, up-to-date resource on America's criminal justice, including that for juveniles.
Henning, Kristin N. "What's Wrong with Victims' Rights in Juvenile Court: Retributive versus Rehabilitative Systems of Justice." California Law Review, 1107th ser., 97, no. 4 (2009). Accessed May 6, 2019. https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/californialawreview/vol97/iss4/3/.
https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/californialawreview/vol97/iss4/3/
Hinton, Elizabeth. “‘A War within Our Own Boundaries’: Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society and the Rise of the Carceral State.” Journal of American History 102, no. 1 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jav328. This piece explains the beginning of President Johnson's war on crime.
"Infographic: States Juvenile Incarceration Rates Dropping." CSG Justice Center. 2019. Accessed June 19, 2019. https://csgjusticecenter.org/youth/publications/infographic-states-juvenile-incarceration-rates-dropping/.
Jones, Sabrina, and Marc Mauer. Race to Incarcerate: A Graphic Retelling. New York, NY: New Press, 2013. Useful for classroom use or quick reference.
Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice. The National Academies Press, 2001. https://www.nap.edu/read/9747/chapter/4. Good source of national data on juvenile crime and justice, as per the title.
“Juvenile Justice History.” Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice. The Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, 2019. http://www.cjcj.org/education1/juvenile-justice-history.html. A concise, quick-reference history of juvenile justice at national level.
United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, June 22, 2017. Juvenile Justice Reform in the Modern Era: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, June 22, 2017. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2018. Wanting this to trace trends from the last few decades.
Liss, Steve. No Place for Children: Voices from Juvenile Detention. University of Texas Press, 2005. Powerful photographs and stories from juvenile detention and corrections in Laredo, TX.
Mason, Jeremy A. "Oklahoma's Juvenile Justice System: Where We Are Today, the Problems We Face, and Where Changes Should Start." Oklahoma City Law Review 40, no. 3 (December 22, 2015): 631-67. Accessed July 13, 2019. doi:https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?lname=&handle=hein.journals/okcu40&collection=&page=631&collection=journals. In contrast to Belusko's dissertation, a more critical account of OK's juvenile justice system, along with an explanation of sentencing and outcomes.
“Oklahoma Department of Corrections: Juvenile Arrests for Violent Crime.” Oklahoma State Senate - Analysis of Crime and Conviction Data. Oklahoma State Senate, n.d. http://www.oksenate.gov/publications/issue_papers/analysis_of_crime_and_conviction_data/page04.html. I had a hard time finding a citable source for this image-graph. Ultimately I decided to trust it since it's from the Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation, at last indirectly. Similar numbers were hard to come by.
Rovner, Joshua. "The Sentencing Project." The Sentencing Project. April 1, 2019. Accessed June 19, 2019. https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/racial-disparities-in-youth-commitments-and-arrests/. Stats on racial disparities in national juvenile justice.
Sered, Danielle. Until We Reckon: Violence, Mass Incarceratin, and a Road to Repair. New York, NY: The New Press, 2019. Sered looks into the problems with incarceration and advocates for solutions that give resolution to both victims of violent crime and the offenders.
"The Missouri Approach." Missouri Department of Youth Services. 2018. Accessed July 2, 2019. http://missouriapproach.org/. Brief description of the Missouri Approach, a therapeutic and preventative approach to juvenile justice.
The War on Drugs Is an Epic Fail. New York Times Opinion. The New York Times Company, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/15/opinion/jay-z-the-war-on-drugs-is-an-epic-fail.html?searchResultPosition=1.
Narrated by Jay-Z, illustrated by Molly Crabapple--a concise illustrated retelling of the history of the war on drugs with an emphasis on devastating outcomes in black neighborhoods.
"Transforming Juvenile Probation." The Annie E. Casey Foundation. 2019. Accessed July 15, 2019 https://www.aecf.org/resources/transforming-juvenile-probation/.
Go to source for statistics, best practices, and news regarding updating our juvenile justice systems.
Zimring, Franklin E. American Juvenile Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2018.
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