Notes
1 Scarborough, Hollis S. 2001. "Connecting Early Language and Literacy to Later Reading (Dis)Abilities: Evidence, Theory, and Practice." In Handbook of Early Literacy Research, Volume 1, 97-110. Guilford Publications. Accessed July 13, 2024. 98.
2 Solis, M., Kulesz, P., & Williams, K. (2023). A Two-Study Conceptual Replication Investigating the Role of Initial Word-Reading Skills with Response to Intervention for High School Students. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 38(1), 26-39.
3 Smith, Reid, Pamela Snow, Tanya Serry, and Lorraine Hammond. 2021. "The Role of Background Knowledge in Reading Comprehension: A Critical Review." Reading Psychology 42 (3): 214-240.
4 Manyak, P. C., Manyak, A.-M., & Kappus, E. M. (2021). Lessons from a Decade of Research on Multifaceted Vocabulary Instruction. The Reading Teacher, 75(1), 27-39.
5 Lesaux, N. K., Kieffer, M. J., Faller, S. E., & Kelley, J. G. (2010, April/May/June). The Effectiveness and Ease of Implementation of an Academic Vocabulary Intervention for Linguistically Diverse Students in Urban Middle Schools. Reading Research Quarterly, 45(2), 196-228.
6 Scarborough, Hollis S. 2001. "Connecting Early Language and Literacy to Later Reading (Dis)Abilities: Evidence, Theory, and Practice." In Handbook of Early Literacy Research, Volume 1, 97-110. Guilford Publications. Accessed July 13, 2024. 98.
7 Tovani, Cris. 2000. I Read It, But I Don't Get it: Comprehension Strategies for Adolescent Readers. Stenhouse Publishers.
8 Muhammad, Gholdy. Unearthing Joy: A Guide to Culturally and Historically Responsive Teaching and Learning. Scholastic Professional, 2023.
9 Muhammad, G. (2020). Cultivating Genius: An Equity Framework for Culturally and Historically Responsive Literacy. Scholastic. (Whipper 1995)
10 Whipper, William. 1995. "An Address delivered in Wesley Church on the evening of June 12th, before the Colored Reading Society of Philadelphia, For Mental Improvement." In Early Negro Writing, 1760-1837., by D. Porter and D.P. Wesley, 105-119. Black Classic Press
11 Smith, Reid, Pamela Snow, Tanya Serry, and Lorraine Hammond. 2021. "The Role of Background Knowledge in Reading Comprehension: A Critical Review." Reading Psychology 42 (3): 214-240.
12 Muhammad, G. (2020). Cultivating Genius: An Equity Framework for Culturally and Historically Responsive Literacy. Scholastic. 57
13 Bishop, Rudine Sims. “‘Mirrors, Windows and Sliding Glass Doors.’” Perspectives: Choosing and Using Books for the Classroom 6, no. 3 (1990). https://scenicregional.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Mirrors-Windows-and-Sliding-Glass-Doors.pdf.
14 O’Donnell, Alina. “WINDOWS, MIRRORS, and SLIDING GLASS DOORS: The Enduring Impact of Rudine Sims Bishop’s Work.” Literacy Today 36, no. 6 (May 2019).
15 Muhammad, G. (2020). Cultivating Genius: An Equity Framework for Culturally and Historically Responsive Literacy. Scholastic. 119
16 In Ferlazzo, Larry. 2023. "Gholdy Muhammad Champions 'Unearthing Joy' in Her New Book (Opinion)." Education Week, February 1. Accessed July 14, 2024. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/opinion-gholdy-muhammad-champions-unearthing-joy-in-her-new-book/2023/02.
17 Williams, H. A. (2007). Self-taught: African American Education in Slavery and Freedom. University of North Carolina Press.13.
18 Ibid.
19 ANCHOR: A North Carolina History Online Resource. 2022. “Primary Source: A Bill to Prevent All Persons from Teaching Slaves to Read or Write, the Use of Figures Excepted (1830).” NCpedia | NCpedia. https://www.ncpedia.org/anchor/primary-source-bill-prevent.
20 Douglass, Frederick. The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, from 1817-1882. London: Christian Age Office, 1882. https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/lobb-the-life-and-times-of-frederick-douglass-from-1817-1882.
21 Ibid.
22 Cornelius, Janet D. 1992. When I Can Read My Title Clear: Literacy, Slavery and Religion in the Antebellum South. University of South Carolina Press. 70.
23 Dunbar, Paul Laurence. 2020. "Poets.org." An Ante-Bellum Sermon. Accessed July 24, 2024. https://poets.org/poem/ante-bellum-sermon.
24 Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins. n.d. ""Learning to Read"." Poetry Foundation. Accessed July 24, 2024. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/52448/learning-to-read-56d230ed0fdc0.
25 Giesberg, Judith, Michael Johnson, James Kopaczewksi, and Elizabeth Motich. 2015. “Library
Exhibits:: A Great Thing for Our People: The Institute for Colored Youth in the Civil War Era.”
Villanova University Library. 2015. https://exhibits.library.villanova.edu/institute-colored-youth.
26 Giesberg, Judith. 2015. “African American Education: Emilie Davis.” African American Education. Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 2015. https://hsp.org/education/unit-plans/emilie-daviss-civil-war/african-american-education.
27 Membean. “Word Roots,” 2023. Accessed July 14, 2024. https://membean.com/roots/
28 Carlisle Indian School Digital Resource Center. 2016. “Documents | Carlisle Indian School Digital Resource Center.” Carlisle Indian School Digital Resource Center. https://carlisleindian.dickinson.edu/documents.
29 Carlisle Indian School. 1880. "Educational." Eadle Keatah Toh, January: 1. https://carlisleindian.dickinson.edu/publications/eadle-keatah-toh-vol-1-no-1
30 Carlisle Indian School. 1882. “Speak Only English.” The School News. January. 2 (8). https://carlisleindian.dickinson.edu/publications/school-news-vol-2-no-8
31 National Reading Panel (U.S.) and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U.S.). Report of the National Reading Panel: Teaching Children to Read : An Evidence-based Assessment of the Scientific Research Literature on Reading and Its Implications for Reading Instruction. [Bethesda, Md.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000. 3-3.
32 Green, John. 2013. "The 1960s in America: Crash Course US History #40." YouTube. December 6. Accessed July 14, 2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkXFb1sMa38.
33 Smith, Clint. 2022. "Women and the Black Power Movement." Youtube.com. June 14. Accessed July 14, 2024. https://youtu.be/j-OMR3h4Isw?si=lHdTS6atR1fyWqkx.
34 Lowe, Lisa, Lloyd, David, Fish, Stanley and Jameson, Fredric. The Politics of Culture in the Shadow of Capital. New York, USA: Duke University Press, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822382317
35 (Diesen, Glenn. 2011. "Herbert's Hippopotamus: Marcuse and Revolution in Paradise." YouTube. March 4. Accessed July 14, 2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbzhmMDFcFQ.
36 Shragge, Abe, and Kate Pillion. 2010. "A Short History :: Celebrating TMC's 40th Anniversary – Thurgood Marshall College :: UC San Diego's Third College." Undergraduate Colleges Business Office. January. Accessed July 14, 2024. https://provost.ucsd.edu/marshall/40th/history/short-history.html.
37 The New York Times. (1970, November 15). ATTACKS CONTINUE ON COAST COLLEGE. New York Times, 65.
38 Lumumba-Zapata College : B.S.C.-M.A.Y.A. Demands for the Third College, U.C.S.D. 1969. San Diego, Calif: [publisher not identified].
39 Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Black Lives Matter." Encyclopedia Britannica, July 9, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Black-Lives-Matter.
40 X, Malcolm, and Alex Haley. 1992. The Autobiography of Malcolm X: As Told to Alex Haley. New York: Ballantine Books. 96.
41 NBC10 Philadelphia. “On Wedding Day, Couple Joins Philly’s Massive Black Lives Matter March | NBC10 Philadelphia,” June 9, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pTaSWPjlzyc.
42 Sasko, Claire. “Philly Teachers’ Black Lives Matter Curriculum Drawing Support, Scorn.” Philadelphia Magazine, January 23, 2017. https://www.phillymag.com/news/2017/01/23/teachers-black-lives-matter-curriculum/.
43 Murphy, Darryl C. 2018. "Students and community members have a family talk during Black Lives Matter Week of Action." Chalkbeat, February 12. Accessed July 14, 2024. https://www.chalkbeat.org/philadelphia/2018/2/12/22183427/students-and-community-members-have-a-family-talk-during-black-lives-matter-week-of-action/.
44 Caucus of Working Educators. “Why the Black Lives Matter Movement is Vital for Us All.” January 15th, 2017. https://www.workingeducators.org/why_black_lives_matter_is_vital_for_us_all
45 BLM Philly. 2020. “Educational Justice.” Black Lives Matter - Philadelphia. https://blmphilly.com/campaigns/educational-justice/
46 Anderson, T. (2020). “From Philly with Love: Black Lives Matter At School goes National” in Black Lives Matter at School: An Uprising for Educational Justice. Hagopian, J., & Jones, D. (Eds.). (2020). (pp. Haymarket Books.
47 School District of Philadelphia. 2020. "RJOC Copy of BLM Week of Action at School FAQs for Parents." The School District of Philadelphia. Accessed July 14, 2024. https://www.philasd.org/key/wp-content/uploads/sites/438/2021/03/BLMWOA.pdf.
48 “Racial Justice Organizing - Demands,” 2020. https://sites.google.com/view/racialjusticeorganizing/blm-week-of-action-in-schools/demands?authuser=0.
49 “Curriculum Resource Guide,” Black Lives Matter at School, September 2023, accessed July 14, 2024, https://www.blacklivesmatteratschool.com/curriculum.html.
50 Black Lives Matter: PHLEd. 2020. "Public Resource Share." Racial Justice Organizing Committee. Accessed July 14, 2024. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QV9-pGwTIZhcdap7fC35sa36h49xlbw6Ecyw8taJWMI/edit.
51 Student Achievement Partners. 2020. “Instructional Content Nav - ELA / Literacy: Text-Dependent Questions.” Achievethecore.org. https://achievethecore.org/category/1158/ela-literacy-text-dependent-questions.
[52 X, Malcolm, and Alex Haley. 1992. The Autobiography of Malcolm X: As Told to Alex Haley. New York: Ballantine Books. 198
53 PBS. 2004. “Slavery and the Making of America. The Slave Experience: Education, Arts, & Culture | PBS.” Slavery and the Making of America. The Slave Experience: Education, Arts, & Culture | PBS. https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/slavery/experience/education/docs2.html.
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