Art, Design, and Biology

CONTENTS OF CURRICULUM UNIT 25.01.11

  1. Unit Guide
  1. Introduction
  2. Rationale
  3. Unit Content
  4. The Research: Teaching Geometry Through Art
  5. The Art and the Artists
  6. Geometry in Nature
  7. Teaching Strategies
  8. Classroom Activities
  9. Bibliography
  10. Appendix on Implementing District Standards
  11. Notes

Geometry and the Art of Close Looking

Kati Steiner

Published September 2025

Tools for this Unit:

Appendix on Implementing District Standards

PA State Mathematics Standards - High School - Geometry

CC.2.3.

HS.A.1 Use geometric figures and their properties to represent transformations in the plane.

HS.A.2 Apply rigid transformations to determine and explain congruence.

HS.A.13 Analyze relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

HS.A.14 Apply geometric concepts to model and solve real world problems.

Common Core State Standards - High School - Geometry (9-12) - Mathematics

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-CO - Congruence

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-CO.A - Experiment with transformations in the plane

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-CO.A.1 - Know precise definitions of angle, circle, perpendicular line, parallel line, and line segment, based on the undefined notions of point, line, distance along a line, and distance around a circular arc.

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-CO.A.2 - Represent transformations in the plane using, e.g., transparencies and geometry software; describe transformations as functions that take points in the plane as inputs and give other points as outputs. Compare transformations that preserve distance and angle to those that do not (e.g., translation versus horizontal stretch).

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-CO.A.3 - Given a rectangle, parallelogram, trapezoid, or regular polygon, describe the rotations and reflections that carry it onto itself.

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-CO.A.4 - Develop definitions of rotations, reflections, and translations in terms of angles, circles, perpendicular lines, parallel lines, and line segments.

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-CO.A.5 - Given a geometric figure and a rotation, reflection, or translation, draw the transformed figure using, e.g., graph paper, tracing paper, or geometry software. Specify a sequence of transformations that will carry a given figure onto another.

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-CO.B - Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-CO.B.6 - Use geometric descriptions of rigid motions to transform figures and to predict the effect of a given rigid motion on a given figure; given two figures, use the definition of congruence in terms of rigid motions to decide if they are congruent.

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-CO.D - Make geometric constructions

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-CO.D.12 - Make formal geometric constructions with a variety of tools and methods (compass and straightedge, string, reflective devices, paper folding, dynamic geometric software, etc.).

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-SRT - Similarity, Right Triangles, and Trigonometry

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-SRT.A - Understand similarity in terms of similarity transformations

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-SRT.C - Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving right triangles

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-SRT.C.6 - Understand that by similarity, side ratios in right triangles are properties of the angles in the triangle, leading to definitions of trigonometric ratios for acute angles.

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-GPE - Expressing Geometric Properties with Equations

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-GPE.B - Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-GPE.B.7 - Use coordinates to compute perimeters of polygons and areas of triangles and rectangles, e.g., using the distance formula.

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-GMD - Geometric Measurement and Dimension

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-GMD.B - Visualize relationships between two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-GMD.B.4 - Identify the shapes of two-dimensional cross-sections of three-dimensional objects, and identify three-dimensional objects generated by rotations of two-dimensional objects.

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-MG - Modeling with Geometry

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-MG.A - Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-MG.A.1 - Use geometric shapes, their measures, and their properties to describe objects (e.g., modeling a tree trunk or a human torso as a cylinder).

CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-MG.A.3 - Apply geometric methods to solve design problems (e.g., designing an object or structure to satisfy physical constraints or minimize cost; working with typographic grid systems based on ratios).

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