Notes
1 Graham, Cao, Kim, Lee, Tate, Collins, Cho, Moon, Quoc Chung, and Booth Olson. “Effective Writing Instruction for Students in Grades 6 to 12: A Best Evidence Meta-Analysis.”
2 Delaware Report Card, “DuPont (Pierre S.) Middle School Snapshot: Enrollment.”
3 AVID, “What is AVID?”
4 Datchuk and Kubina, “A Review of Teaching Sentence-Level Writing Skills to Students With Writing Difficulties and Learning Disabilities,” 180.
5 Datchuk and Kubina, “A Review of Teaching Sentence-Level Writing Skills to Students With Writing Difficulties and Learning Disabilities,” 180.
6 Anita L. Archer and Charles A. Hughes. Explicit Instruction: Efficient and Effective Teaching. New York: The Guilford Press, 2010. Cited in Datchuk and Kubina, “A Review of Teaching Sentence-Level Writing Skills to Students With Writing Difficulties and Learning Disabilities,” 186.
7 Anita L. Archer and Charles A. Hughes. Explicit Instruction: Efficient and Effective Teaching. New York: The Guilford Press, 2010. Cited in Datchuk and Kubina, “A Review of Teaching Sentence-Level Writing Skills to Students With Writing Difficulties and Learning Disabilities,” 186.
8 Alejo, Jenkins, and Yao, “Learning Losses during the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Understanding and Addressing Increased Learning Disparities,” 18.
9 Saunders and Smith, “EVERY WORD IS ON TRIAL: Six-Word Memoirs in the Classroom,” 600-601.
10 Saunders and Smith, “EVERY WORD IS ON TRIAL: Six-Word Memoirs in the Classroom,” 601.
11 Klinkenborg, Several Short Sentences About Writing, 9.
12 Klinkenborg, Several Short Sentences About Writing, 12.
13 Klinkenborg, Several Short Sentences About Writing, 56.
14 Smith, Not Quite What I Was Planning, 4.
15 Klinkenborg, Several Short Sentences About Writing, 6.
16 Klinkenborg, Several Short Sentences About Writing, 12.
17 Harris, Writing with Clarity and Style, 15.
18 Kellogg, “Training writing skills: A cognitive developmental perspective,” 2.
19 Kellogg, “Training writing skills: A cognitive developmental perspective,” 11.
20 Kellogg, “Training writing skills: A cognitive developmental perspective,” 6.
21 Kellogg, “Training writing skills: A cognitive developmental perspective,” 17.
22 Lamott, Bird by Bird, 7.
23 Smith, Not Quite What I Was Planning, 86.
24 Smith, Not Quite What I Was Planning, 100.
25 Saunders and Smith, “EVERY WORD IS ON TRIAL: Six-Word Memoirs in the Classroom,” 602.
26 oed.com, “manage,” accessed July 28, 2025, https://www.oed.com/dictionary/manage_v?tab=meaning_and_use#38363796.
27 oed.com, “destroy,” accessed July 28, 2025, https://www.oed.com/dictionary/destroy_v?tab=meaning_and_use#7038558.
28 oed.com, “ruin,” accessed July 28, 2025, https://www.oed.com/dictionary/ruin_v?tab=meaning_and_use.
29 Dillard, An American Childhood.
30 oed.com, “sashay,” accessed July 28, 2025, https://www.oed.com/dictionary/sashay_v?tab=meaning_and_use#24270771.
31 oed.com, “lead,” accessed July 28, 2025, https://www.oed.com/dictionary/lead_v1?tab=meaning_and_use#39533372.
32 Oed.com, “cock,” accessed July 28, 2025, https://www.oed.com/dictionary/cock_v1?tab=meaning_and_use#9020739.
33 “Variation - Purdue OWL® - Purdue University” & Tran, “Sentence Variety and Rhythm,” 2021.
34 Harris, Writing with Clarity and Style, 29.
35 Harris, Writing with Clarity and Style, 29.
36 Harris, Writing with Clarity and Style, 18.
37 Smith, Not Quite What I Was Planning, 129.
38 Smith, Not Quite What I Was Planning, 122.
39 Didion, “At the Dam.”
40 Harris, Writing with Clarity and Style, 125.
41 Smith, Not Quite What I Was Planning, 20.
42 Harris, Writing with Clarity and Style, 148.
43 Harris, Writing with Clarity and Style, 149.
44 Beard, “Bonanza.”
45 Harris, Writing with Clarity and Style, 125.
46 Kellogg, “Training writing skills: A cognitive developmental perspective,” 11.
47 Kellogg, “Training writing skills: A cognitive developmental perspective,” 7.
48 Hubert, Bonnardel, andFrey. “Effects of Daily Creative Writing Practice at School on the Cognitive Development of Children from Disadvantaged Socio-Economic Backgrounds,” 1.
49 Common Core State Standards Initiative, “English Language Arts Standards » Writing » Grade 7.”
50 Common Core State Standards Initiative, “English Language Arts Standards » Writing » Grade 7.”
51 Common Core State Standards Initiative, “English Language Arts Standards » Writing » Grade 7.”
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