Notes
[1] Mohamed Beray, “A Critical Literary Review of the Melting Pot and Salad Bowl Assimilation and Integration Theories,” Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 6, no. 1 (2019): 144. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48710211.
[2] LeAna B. Gloor, “From the Melting Pot to the Tossed Salad Metaphor: Why Coercive Assimilation Lacks the Flavors Americans Crave,” Hohonu: A Journal of Academic Writing 4 (2006): 29. https://hilo.hawaii.edu/campuscenter/hohonu/volumes/documents/Vol04x06FromtheMeltingPot.pdf
[3] Gloor, “From the Melting Pot,” 30.
[4] Gloor, “From the Melting Pot,” 30.
[5] John F. Kennedy, A Nation of Immigrants (New York: Harper & Row, 1964).
[6] Ronald Takaki, Strangers from a Different Shore: A History of Asian Americans (Little, Brown, and Company, 1989), 32-33.
[7] Takaki, Strangers from a Different Shore, 24.
[8] Erika Lee and Judy Yung, Angel Island: Immigrant Gateway to America (Oxford University Press, 2012), 6.
[9] Lee and Yung, Angel Island, 6
[10] Kelly Lytle Hernández, City of Inmates: Conquest, Rebellion, and the Rise of Human Caging (The University of North Carolina Press, 2017), 67.
[11] Hernández, City of Inmates, 88.
[12] Lee and Yung, Angel Island, 116.
[13] Amy Qin, “This Man Won Birthright Citizenship for All,” New York Times, February 10, 2025, https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/10/us/birthright-citizenship-wong-kim-ark-supreme-court.html.
[14] Lee and Yung, Angel Island, 10.
[15] Lee and Yung, Angel Island, 76-81.
[16] Lee and Yung, Angel Island, 149.
[17] Lee and Yung, Angel Island, 158.
[18] Mae M. Ngai, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, (E-book, Princeton University Press, 2004), 25.
[19] Erika Lee, The Making of Asian America: A History (Simon and Schuster, 2015), Accessed July 9, 2026. ProQuest Ebook Central, 233-234
[20] Lee, The Making of Asian America, 259-260.
[21] Lee, The Making of Asian America, 260-262.
[22] Lee, The Making of Asian America, 285.
[23] “Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census,” United States Census Bureau, accessed July 28, 2026, https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/detailed-race-ethnicities-2020-census.html.
[24] Takaki, Strangers from a Different Shore, 423.
[25] Takaki, Strangers from a Different Shore, 424.
[26] Lee, The Making of Asian America, 263-265.
[27] Pawan Dhingra, Life Behind the Lobby: Indian American Motel Owners and the American Dream (Stanford University Press, 2012), 48.
[28] Dhingra, Life Behind the Lobby, 55.
[29] Dhingra, Life Behind the Lobby, 59.
[30] Andrea Louie, Chinese American Mothering: Toy Len Goon’s Legacy and the Myth of the Model Minority (New York University Press, 2025), 114.
[31] Lee, The Making of Asian America, 255-256.
[32] Lee, The Making of Asian America, 338-340.
[33] Rosalind S. Chou and Joe R. Feagin, The Myth of the Model Minority: Asian Americans Facing Racism (Paradigm Publishers, 2008), 22.
[34] Chou and Feagin, The Myth of the Model Minority, 3.
[35] Chou and Feagin, The Myth of the Model Minority, 9.
[36] Chou and Feagin, The Myth of the Model Minority, 16.
[37] Lee and Yung, Angel Island, 86-87.
[38] Lee and Yung, Angel Island, 89.
[39] Lee and Yung, Angel Island, 98-99.
[40] Bonnie Tsui, American Chinatown: A People’s History of Five Neighborhoods (Free Press, 2009), 50.
[41] Tsui, American Chinatown, 52-53.
[42] Tsui, American Chinatown, 34.
[43] Tsui, American Chinatown, 36.
[44] Tsui, American Chinatown, 89.
[45] Tsui, American Chinatown, 92.
[46] Mary Paik Lee, Quiet Odyssey: A Pioneer Korean Woman in America (University of Washington Press, 1990), 103.
[47] Lee, The Making of Asian America, 276.
[48] Lee, The Making of Asian America, 276-277.
[49] Lee, The Making of Asian America, 278-279.
[50] Carola Suárez-Orozco and Marcelo M. Suárez-Orozco, Children of Immigration (President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2001), 107.
[51] Suárez-Orozco and Suárez-Orozco, Children of Immigration, 104.
[52] Suárez-Orozco and Suárez-Orozco, Children of Immigration, 114.
[53] Rutledge M. Dennis, Biculturalism, Self-Identity and Societal Development (Emerald Group Publishing, 2008), 44.
[54] Dennis, Biculturalism, 44.
[55] Alex Daniel, “20 ‘American’ Traditions We Totally Stole from Other Cultures,” Best Life, May 25, 2018, https://bestlifeonline.com/fake-american-traditions/.
[56] Emelyn Rude, “A Very Brief History of Chinese Food in America,” Time, February 8, 2016, https://time.com/4211871/chinese-food-history/
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