Assessment
The teacher will assess the student's level of knowledge and understanding based on standards set forth in a rubric (teacher made assessment). Students should be given the rubric at the start of the unit. The teacher will explain the requirements and expectations early on so that students will have a clear understanding of what they are being graded or tested on as well as exactly what it is they need to know to receive a particular grade.
(table 05.03.09.03 available in print form)
Suggested Teacher Readings
Alt, William E. and Betty L. Alt. 2002. Black Soldiers, White Wars: Black Warriors
from Antiquity to the Present. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
This overview explores the use of black people, either through coercion or enticement, in the armed forces of predominantly white societies in times of crisis when the supply of white soldiers was exhausted or when whites refused to fill the ranks of a wartime army.
Military Novato, CA: Presidio Press.
The Right to Fight chronicles the African-Americans' struggles to serve in the armed forces of the United States. The book begins with the story of Crispus Attucks, who was killed in the Boston Massacre. The experiences of blacks in the Civil War have been well documented and Astor covers the essential details of those who fought for both North and South.
Franklin, John Hope and Alfred A. Moss, Jr. 1988. From Slavery to Freedom: A History of Negro Americans. Sixth Edition. Fortieth Anniversary Edition. New York:
McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Franklin gives a detailed account of the journey of African Americans from their origins in the civilizations of Africa, through their years of slavery in the New World, to the successful struggle for freedom and its aftermath in the West Indies, Latin America, and the United States.
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. 1984. Army Life in a Black Regiment. New York:
W.W. Norton & Company.
This book was originally a series of essays written by a Union colonel from New England, in charge of black troops training on the Sea Islands off the coast of the Carolinas. His gives vivid details of the soldiers, their routines of camp life, and the southern landscapes.
Lanning, Lt. Col (Ret.) Michael Lee. 1997. The African-American Soldier: From
Crispus Attucks to Colin Powell. Secaucus, NJ: A Birch Lane Press Book. Carol
Publishing Group.
Lanning traces the major contributions of black soldiers and sailors, beginning with the 5,000 who served in the Revolutionary War and carrying the narrative forward to their successors in Desert Storm.
McPherson, James M. 1965. The Negro's Civil War: How American Negroes Felt and
Acted During the War for the Union. New York: Vintage Books.
This book describes just what the title suggests.
Nalty, Bernard C. 1986. Strength for the Fight: A History of Black Americans in the
Military. New York: The Free Press.
Nalty, a military historian examines the history of race relations in the United States armed forces and details the progress made.
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