Notes
1. Electronic Discussion Group-AP English Language, "Messages," The College Board, http://lyris. collegeboard.com/ read/my_forums/?forum=ap-english (accessed July 10, 2009).
2. "Student Grade Distributions," The College Board, http://professionals.collegeboard. com/profdownload/STUDENT_GRADE_DISTRIBUTIONS_11-3.pdf (accessed July 10, 2009).
3. "Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools Demographic Overview," Charlotte Mecklenburg School System, http://www.cms.k12.nc.us/cmsdepartments/StudentPlacement/ Pages/Charlotte-MecklenburgSchoolsDemographicOverview.aspx (accessed July 10, 2009).
4. Langdon Hammer, "The Sound of Words" (presentation, Yale National Initiative Intensive Session, New Haven, CT, July 6-18 2009).
5. Peter Elbow, ed., Landmark Essays on Voice and Writing (Mahwah, NJ: Hermagoras Press, 1952), xiii.
6. Langdon Hammer, "Frank Bidart and the Tone of Contemporary Poetry," in On Frank Bidart: Fastening the Voice to the Page (Under Discussion), edited by Liam Rector and Tree Swenson (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2007), 7.
7. Robert Frost, Robert Frost: Collected Poems, Prose, & Plays Complete Poems 1949 in The Clearing Uncollected Poems Plays Lectures, Essays, Stories, and Letters. Library of America Series (New York: Library of America, 1995), 688.
8. John Hollander, Rhyme's Reason: A Guide to English Verse (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001), 4.
9. Elbow, Landmark Essays, xxvi.
10. Ibid., 170
11. Ibid., 23.
12. Hammer, "Frank Bidart," 8.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid., 12.
15. Frost, Collected Poems, 687.
16. Robert Pinsky, The Sounds of Poetry: A Brief Guide (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999), 19.
17. Frost, Collected Poems, 687.
18. Elbow, Landmark Essays, xxi.
19. Hammer, "Frank Bidart," 12.
20. Ibid.
21. Elbow, Landmark Essays,7.
22. Frost, Collected Poems, 688.
23. Robert Frost, The Collected Prose of Robert Frost (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2008), 31.
24. Hammer, "Frank Bidart," 12.
25. Frost, Collected Poems, 687.
26. Frost, Collected Prose, 31.
27. Hammer, "Frank Bidart," 12.
28. Elbow, Landmark Essays, xl.
29. Hammer, "Frank Bidart," 8.
30. Pinsky, Sounds, 12.
31. Elbow, Landmark Essays, xxxix
32. Hammer, "Frank Bidart," 17.
33. Frost, Collected Prose, 32.
34. Pinsky, Sounds,12.
35. Ibid., 13.
36. Ibid., 15.
37. Hammer, "Frank Bidart," 13.
38. Robert Hass, Twentieth Century Pleasures: Prose on Poetry. (NY: Ecco Press, 1984), 107 .
39. Ibid.,112.
40. Ibid.,113.
41. Ibid.,118.
42. Ibid.,119.
43. Ibid.,120.
44. Frost, Collected Prose, 32.
45. Ibid.,30.
46. Robert Frost, Selected Letters of Robert Frost, edited by Lawrance Thompson (New
47. York: Holt, 1964), 81.
48. Ibid., 80.
49. Elbow, Landmark Essays, xxiii.
50. Frost, Collected Poems, 689.
51. Robert Pinsky, Democracy, Culture and the Voice of Poetry (The University Center for
52. Human Values Series) (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), 28.
53. Thomas R. Arp, and Greg Johnson, Perrine's Literature - Structure, Sound, and Sense (Belmont: Thomson & Wadsworth, 2006), 864.
54. Ibid., 865.
55. Ibid.
56. Ibid.,866.
57. Ibid.,868.
58. Ibid.,869.
59. Ibid.
60. Ibid.,870.
61. Hass, Twentieth Century, 124.
62. Sarah Anne Johnson, "Structure and Rhythm," Writers Ask 26 (2005): 5.
63. Sarah Anne Johnson, "Use of Language," Writers Ask 32 (2006): 4.
64. F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby (New York: Scribner, 2003), 12.
65. Ibid.
66. Ibid.
67. Ibid.
68. Ibid.
69. Ibid.
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