Endnotes
1 Delaware required separation of cardboard from other recycled materials for curb pick up and separation of glass, metal, cardboard, newspaper… for individuals delivering materials to recycle stations.
2 Information concerning the kit and order forms are available at http://www.nsrconline.org/curriculum_resources/STCMS_Physical_science.html
3 Herbert Spencer, "Herbert Spencer."
4 One ton of recycled paper saves 380 gallons of oil and 37 trees and produces 74% less air pollution and 35% less water pollution than producing the same amount of virgin paper.
5 See note 2 above
6 John Amos, "Cleaning Up the Waste Stream - Recycling Plastics." (hereafter cited "Recycling Plastics")
7 Alexander J. Dubanowitz, Design of a materials recovery facility (MRF) for processing the recyclable materials of New York City's municipal solid waste.
8 Tamsin Eltefagh, Overview Effect of Single Stream on Plastics Recycling and Recycling in General
9 See note 6 above.
10 In Los Angeles, the amount recycled increased 2 ½ fold when single stream recycling was instituted.
11 Compilation of the data from the 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 Delaware annual report on waste management (DSWA, "2004 Recycling Report"; DSWA, "The 2005 12 Annual Report"; Wendy Pizzadili and Sarah Burns, "2006 Annual Report - Delaware Solid Waste Authority"; Wendy Pizzadili, Sarah Burns and Tracy Timson, "2007 Annual Report - Delaware Solid Waste Authority"; Wendy Pizzadili, Sarah Burns and Tracy Cook, "2008 Annual Report - Delaware Solid Waste Authority.")
12 See note 7 above. Bits of glass, in particular, tend to end up in the other recyclables because they are had to sort out after they break. Alexander J. Dubanowitz tried to alleviate this problem in his design of a MRF for New York City in his master's thesis: Design of a materials recovery facility (MRF) for processing the recyclable materials of New York City's municipal solid waste.
13 See note 6 above.
14 Ibid
15 Trommels are large inclined screws that allow the more dense material to drop to a lower conveyer belt, and the less dense material is carried to an elevated collection bin.
16 Air classification systems blow the less dense material into bins, leaving the matter with higher densities on the conveyer belt.
17 The recycling codes on the bottom of plastic containers - See Appendix B.
18 See note 6 above.
19 See note 5 above.
20 Ibid
21 Ibid
22 Malcom Richard Gent, Mario Menendez, Javier Torano, and Isidro Diego, "Recycling of Plastic Waste by Density Separation: Prospects for Optimization," in Waste Management & Research.
23 Ibid
24 MBA Polymers, Development of Hydrocyclones for use in Plastics Recycling.
25 See note 21 above.
26 See note 23 above
27 Ibid
28 Sangobtib Pongstabodee, Napatr Kunachitpimol, and Somsak Damronglerd, "Combination of Three-Stage Sink-Float Method and Selective Flotation Technique for Separation of Mixed Post-Consumer Plastic Waste" in Waste Management. (hereafter cited "Separation of Mixed Post-Consumer Plastic Waste")
29 See note 21 above.
30 TAPPI, "How is Paper Recycled?"
31 Ibid
32 Yulin Zhao, Yulin Deng, and J. Y. Zhu, "Roles of Surfactants in Flotation Deinking" in Progress in Paper Recycling
33 See note 29 above
34 See note 31 above.
35 T. Kent Kirk and Thomas W Jeffries, "Chapter 1 - Roles for Microbial Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Processing" in Enzymes for Pulp and Paper Processing.
36 See note 31 above; Manendra Doshi, Gary Scott and John Borchardt, "Industry Review Semiannual Conference Review January - June 1995."
37 Ibid
38 See note 29 above.
39 Deborah Houy, "Eco Kids: Green Teens, Not!," 48.
40 Delaware Department of Education, "Science Content Standards and Grade Level Expectations."
41 See note 2 above.
42 I use a prepackaged set available at www.teachersource.com called Mixture Separation Challenge for approximately $ 22. Other than loss from strays falling to the floor, the set is reuseable.
43 e.g. Using cloth shopping bags, composting, drink from reusable drink containers, use both sides of very paper, donate reusable items, selectively buy items with less packaging (City of San Jose, "Environmental Services), purchase goods that are recyclable, specify preference of recycled items to store managers, recycle electronic equipment (Consumer Reports, "Greener Choices").
44 See note 39 above.
45 Delaware Science Coalition, "Grade 7 Properties of Matter Unit Template."
46 Ibid
47 Ibid
48 Ibid
49 Ibid
50 Ibid
51 Ibid
52 Density comes from "Separation of Mixed Post-Consumer Plastic Waste" Typology and examples come from "Recycling Plastics."
53 "The Recyclenet Composite Index" in Recyclenet
54 DSWA, "Single Stream Curbside Recycling."
55 Yinon Bentor, "Chemical Elements.Com."
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