Delaware State Standards 44 and Implementation 45 - Appendix A
Analyze a standard phase change graph and identify when the substance is a solid, liquid or gas, as well as freezing/melting point or condensing/evaporating point. Describe increase or decrease of energy in the system. This standard will be met in the recycling metal, glass and plastics lesson. Students will use their understanding of phase change to interpret graphs and separate wax from ice.
Use physical properties to distinguish and separate one substance or material from another. In every lesson in this unit, students will be using the properties of density, melting and boiling points or solubility to separate one substance or material from another.
Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. Design and conduct experiments to separate both mixtures. In the paper recycling lessons, students will be separating soluble ink from paper through dissolving and then insoluble paper and water through filtering and evaporation.
Discuss the social, economic, and environmental consequences of the production of new materials to meet human wants and needs. This standard will be met when students develop and put into action plans to help the environment in the post-assessment.
Enduring Understandings are the big ideas that have lasting value beyond the classroom and offer ways of engaging the students: "Scientific inquiry involves asking scientifically-oriented questions, collecting evidence, forming explanations, connecting explanations to scientific knowledge and theory, and communicating and justifying the explanation." 46
The properties of matter determine their use and guide the selection of the method of problem-solving.
Essential Questions point to the overarching themes in the unit and guide instruction through open-ended questions: "How do the properties of materials determine their use?
How can the properties of the components of a mixture be used to separate the mixture?" 47
Knowledge essential to understand the big idea: Density, solubility and magnetism are characteristic properties of solids, liquids and gases.
"Density can be used to separate material" 48 through floating and sinking.
"Density, melting points, and boiling points are unique to materials" 49 and can be used to reclaim scrap waste.
"Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of solutes and solvents.
Solubility can be used to separate soluble and insoluble substances.
Components of mixtures can be separated and analyzed by using their physical properties (by filtering, paper chromatography, evaporation, etc.)
Solutes can alter the properties of solvents.
Making materials that behave in certain manners depends upon an understanding of the physical properties of materials." 50
Skills needed to perform the essential questions: "Recognize that all matter consists of particles and how the particles are arranged determines the physical state. Use the particle model to describe solids, liquids, and gases in terms of the packing and motion of particles.
Begin to distinguish between a "pure" substance and a mixture.
Design and conduct an experiment to separate a suspension," 51 use density to separate a heterogeneous mixture and test solubility using different solutes and solvents.
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