Energy, Climate, Environment

CONTENTS OF CURRICULUM UNIT 09.07.04

  1. Unit Guide
  1. Introduction
  2. Rationale
  3. Background
  4. Final Questions
  5. Intermission
  6. Minamata Bay
  7. Activities
  8. Appendix A
  9. Appendix B
  10. Appendix C
  11. Student References
  12. Video clips -
  13. Chloracne sites
  14. Chemical persistence
  15. Acknowledgments:
  16. Bibliography
  17. Endnotes

Toxic, Persistent Chemicals in Human Environments: Case Studies of Agent Orange Use in Vietnam, 1965-1970 and Methyl Mercury in Minamata Bay, Japan, 1932-1968

Jeffrey C. Davis

Published September 2009

Tools for this Unit:

Endnotes

  1. Moore, Richard . "Napoleon Bonaparte : Napoleonic : Napoleon : Bonaparte : Wars : Napoleon I : Napoleonic History : Military : Napoleonic Era : Battles : Naval : Armies : Uniforms : ." Napoleon Bonaparte : Napoleonic : Napoleon : Bonaparte : Wars : Napoleon I : Napoleonic History : Military : Napoleonic Era : Battles : Naval : Armies : Uniforms : . http://www.napoleonguide.com / (accessed July 13, 2009).
  2. "Sherman's March to the Sea, 1864." EyeWitness to History - history through the eyes of those who lived it. http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/sherman.htm
  3. 2a. Clark, Doctor Frank. "Sherman's March to the Sea." South Carolina SC - Genealogical and Historical Websites. http://www.sciway3.net/clark/civilwar/march.html (accessed July 13, 2009).

  4. "The Long Walk of the Navajos." Welcome to Logoi.com, The Online Travel Source. http://www.logoi.com/notes/long_walk.html (accessed July 13, 2009). Agoi, 2000 This site has a brief, yet accurate account of the Long Walk of the Navajo. There are also links to more background and detail.
  5. 3a. Thompson, Adam J. Teller - stories of my Grandma May, and Grandpa Chee Draper.. "Canyon de Chelly - The Long Walk." Antelope House Tours - Canyon de Chelly - Experience the Beauty - canyondechelly.net. http://www.canyondechelly.net/long_walk.html (accessed July 13, 2009). Oral history of the Long Walk of the Navajo as told to Adam Teller by Grandpa Chee Draper.

    3b. Sharp, Jay W.. "The Long Walk Trail Of The Navajos." Desert Biomes by DesertUSA. http://www.desertusa.com/mag03/trails/trails09.html (accessed July 13, 2009). Maps, pictures, and first person accounts. Also links to other contemporary historical sites.

  6. "Report on DoD research on herbicides outside Vietnam." Veterans Administration Agent Orange docs. www1.va.gov/agentorange/docs/Report_on_DoD_Herbicides_Outside_of_Vietnam.pdf (accessed July 13, 2009). This table shows all the different herbicides, where and when they were tested, and a brief project description. There are 71 trials cited.
  7. Silverman, Jacob. "HowStuffWorks "Uses of Agent Orange and Effects on Foliage"." Howstuffworks "Science". http://science.howstuffworks.com/agent-orange1.htm (accessed July 13, 2009). This is a great site and explains how and why the U.S. military used herbicides in Vietnam.
  8. "10 Countries That Love Americans." Travel - Travel Destinations, Cheap Airline Tickets, Cheap Hotels - AOL Travel. http://travel.aol.com/travel-ideas/international/galleries/countries-that-love-americans (accessed July 13, 2009). America On Line Travel site describing world destinations that, as travelers report, are especially friendly to Americans.
  9. Thanks to Elizabeth Harvery, YNI Fellow, 2008
  10. Schuck, Agent Orange on Trial, 17
  11. Schuck, Agent Orange on Trial, 24
  12. Galston Arthur, Professor, Department of Biology, Yale University 1955 - 1990
  13. Schuck, Agent Orange on Trial, 18
  14. Wargo, Our Children's Toxic Legacy, 134
  15. "Dioxins and their Effect on Human Health." World Health Organization. www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs225/en/index.html (accessed July 13, 2009).
  16. "2,3,7,8-Tetracblorodibenzo p-Dioxin (TCDD); DIOXIN CAS No.1746-01-6 Report on Carcinogens U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public HealthService National Toxicology Program rev. Jan01." Mindfully.org. http://www.mindfully.org/Pesticide/Dioxin-TCDD-9th-ROC.htm (accessed July 16, 2009).
  17. "TCDD-Dioxin-Is Listed As "Known Human Carcinogen" In Federal Government's Ninth Report On Carcinogens." Science Daily: News & Articles in Science, Health, Environment & Technology. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/01/010123074358.htm (accessed July 16, 2009).
  18. Wargo, Our Children's Toxic Legacy,7, 8
  19. "Agent Orange Home." U.S. Department of Veterans Administration, Agent Orange. http://www1.va.gov/Agentorange (accessed July 13, 2009). Click on the "General Information" link. Other links are also useful.
  20. Schuck, Agent Orange on Trial, 18
  21. Cohn, Marjorie, and t r u t h o u t | Perspective. "t r u t h o u t | Agent Orange Continues to Poison Vietnam." t r u t h o u t. http://www.truthout.org/061509R (accessed July 13, 2009).
  22. Schuck, Agent Orange on Trial, 22
  23. Weiser, Kathy. "Missouri Legends, Ill Fated Times Beach." Legends of America. http://www.legendsofamerica.com/MO-TimesBeach.html (accessed July 13, 2009). This is a great site for odd stories about the country.
  24. Leistner, Marilyn, last Mayor of Times Beach, and Missouri. "S/R 7-8: The Times Beach Story (Marilyn Leistner)." Green Parties World Wide. http://www.greens.org/s-r/078/07-09.html (accessed July 13, 2009). A fascinating look at the Times Beach story from the mayor at the time of the problems.
  25. Schuck, Agent Orange on Trial, 23
  26. Schuck, Agent Orange on Trial, 24
  27. "Dioxins and their Effect on Human Health." World Health Organization. www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs225/en/index.html (accessed July 13, 2009).
  28. "Information for Veterans Who Served in Vietnam." U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs . http://www1.va.gov/agentorange/docs/AOIB10-49JUL03.pdf accessed July 13, 2009).
  29. Cohn, Marjorie. "Agent Orange Continues to Poison Vietnam." Global Sisterhood Network. www.global-sisterhood-network.org/content/view/2314/59 (accessed July 13, 2009).
  30. Schuck, Agent Orange on Trial, 19
  31. Schuck, Agent Orange on Trial, 20
  32. See Appendix B for excerpts from testimony from the International People's Tribunal of Conscience in Support of the Vietnamese Victims of Agent Orange
  33. Allchin, Douglas . "The Tragedy and Triumph of Minamata." The Biology Teacher, June 1999.
  34. Johnston, Eric. "Quite Heroism Amid Tragedy." Japan Times, May 2, 2006. http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20060502f1.html (accessed July 14, 2009). A heart rending account of a 71 year old victim of Minamata Disease.
  35. Harada, M.D. PhD, Masazumi. "Minamata Disease and the Mercury Pollution of the Globe." Environmental Information Network for Asia and the Pacific Homepage. http://www.einap.org/envdis/Minamata.html (accessed August 6, 2009).
  36. Allchin, Douglas . "The Tragedy and Triumph of Minamata." The Biology Teacher, June 1999.
  37. Rogers, Mike. "Minamata: Real Life Horror Show" Lew Rockwell.com, 2004. (accessed July 14)
  38. "Minamata Disease The History and Measures - Chapter 4 [MOE]." Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan. 2002 http://www.env.go.jp/en/chemi/hs/minamata2002/ch4.html (accessed July 14, 2009) Page 6 of this sight has a table with the compensation agreement

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