Notes
1. Abigail Adams, "Letter from Abigail Adams to John Adams. March 31-April 5, 1776," Adams Family Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society archives.
2. James Baldwin, The Fire Next Time. 115.
3. Diane Hart, Bert Bower, and Jim Lobdell, History Alive!.
4. Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking Charting the Future of Teaching the Past. 13.
5. Robert J.Marzano, Building background knowledge for academic achievement research on what works in schools..
6. Stephen Krashen, Principles and practice in second language acquisition, 29.
7. William Moebius, "Introduction to picturebook codes," In Word and Image,141.
8. Irving Massy, "Words and Images: harmony and dissonance." Georgia Review, 34, 388.
9. Barbara Bader, American Picture Books: From Noah's Ark to the Beast Within, 359.
10. Chris Soentpiet, "Molly Bannaky", Chris Soentpiet illustrator and author of children's books, http://www.soentpiet.com/molly.htm (accessed July 14, 2013).
11. J. Hillis Miller, Illustration, 66.
12. Svetlana Alpers, quoted in J. Hillis Miller, Illustration, 66.
13. Page Smith, Daughters of the Promised Land, 63.
14. Ibid. 104.
15. I grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio. I thought I knew something about the Underground Railroad, living on one of the major routes north. I used Sweet Clara and the Freedom Quilt by Deborah Hopkinson and The Barefoot by Katherine Tegen to introduce young children to American slavery. When I read biographies of Harriet Tubman, however, I was astonished by my ignorance. Jerri Ferris' Go Free or Die is a simple chapter book for young readers. Harriet Tubman: Conductor on the Underground Railroad by Ann Petry is appropriate for stronger readers. Both would be excellent choices for book club groups.
16. Petry, Ann. Harriet Tubman, Conductor on the Underground Railroad, 129.
17. Ibid. 168.
18. Youngs, Suzette. "Understanding History Through the Visual Images in Historical 19. Fiction," Language Arts, 379-395.
19. Moebius, "Introduction to picturebook codes."141.
20. Jessica Sack, "Key Teaching Questions prepared for Educators Open House at the Yale University Art Gallery," February 15, 2007. and "Women and Portraiture,", from Picturing A Nation: Teaching with American Art and Material Culture, Brooklyn Museum, 51.
21. Marguerite Conrad, literacy professor at San Francisco State University, demonstrated this model of creating side-by-side poetry in my class spring 2013. She used Paul Fleischman and Eric Beddows' Joyful Noise: Poems for Two Voices to teach the children how to perform side-by-side poems.
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