Notes
1. M. G. Ehler, "No Pictures in My Head," 5-9.
2. I am grateful to Pittsburgh teachers Elaine Yellin and Jonathan Edwards, for their ideas.
3. Review in Booklist, September 15, 2010.
4. Some of the supplementary nonfiction readings were chosen by the Pittsburgh School District, and some selected especially for this unit.
5. Smith quoted in L. H. Anderson's Forge, 52. The sources of each of these actual primary source quotes are available on Laurie Halse Anderson's website, www.madwomanintheforest.com.
6. Valley Forge National Historical Park. http://www.nps.gov/vafo/index.htm
7. The Granger Collection.
8. African Americans have served in all wars in which American has fought; however, the troops were not reintegrated until 1948, after WWII.
9. S. Schama, Rough Crossings, especially the introduction.
10. See this unit's Strategies, Activities, and Related Materials sections for ideas.
11. L. H. Anderson, "My Conflicted Relationship with George Washington."
12. See Image Resources
13. S. Ambrose, "Founding Fathers and Slaveholders," web version, 1.
14. "Benjamin Rush" and "Portrait of Benjamin Rush," from WGBH: Africans in America.
15. Lemov quoted in C. Gewertz, April 2012
16. David Coleman quoted in C. Gewertz, "Common Core's Focus on 'Close Reading' Stirs Worries" and D. Coleman and S. Pimenthal, "Revised Publishers' Criteria for the Common Core State Standards," 8-9.
17. D. Coleman, "Close Reading of a Text: MLK's 'Letter from Birmingham Jail.'"
18. S. Sandler and Z. Hammond, "Text and Truth," 58-61.
19. K. Porter-Magee, "Teach Like Champion versus the Common Core."
20. T. Shanahan quoted in C. Gewertz, "Common Core's Focus on 'Close Reading' Stirs Worries."
21. D. Coleman and S. Pimenthal, "Revised Publishers' Criteria for the Common Core State Standards," 8-9.
22. M. Bakis, "Chapter 4" and "Chapter 7" and M. Ehler, "'No Pictures in My Head'," 7-8.
23. W. J. T. Mitchell, Picture Theory. University of Chicago Press. 1995. 89.
24. Literary historian Paula Rabinowitz quoted in Stein, 563.
25. M. G. Ehler, "No Pictures in My Head," 5-9.
26. Svetlana Alpers' ideas explained in J. Miller, Illustration, Harvard Press, 1994. 66.
27. F. Serafini,"Expanding Perspectives for Comprehending Images in Multimodal Texts."
28. S. Youngs and F. Serafini, "Comprehension Strategies for Reading Historical Fiction Picturebooks," 117-121.
29. L. Pellico, L. Friedlaender, and K. Fennie. "Looking is Not Seeing: Using Art to Improve Observational Skills," Journal of Nursing Education 48:11, 2009.
30. T. Newkirk, "The Text Itself."
31. T. Shanahan, "Practical Guidance on Pre-Reading Lessons."
32. T. Shanahan, "The Common Core Ate My Baby and Other Urban Legends," 11-16.
33. T. Shanahan, "Practical Guidance on Pre-Reading Lessons."
34. A. Peery, "Reading for the Future," 1-9.
35. Adapted from the District's preliminary unit on Forge.
36. Johnson, et al. "Fighting for Britain…" in Slavery in America.
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