Genetic Engineering and Human Health

CONTENTS OF CURRICULUM UNIT 13.06.01

  1. Unit Guide
  1. Introduction
  2. Rationale
  3. The Human Cell: Anatomy and Function
  4. Organelles
  5. DNA Structure
  6. Genes
  7. The Central Dogma of Biology
  8. Proteins
  9. DNA Replication
  10. Chromosomes
  11. Heredity
  12. Genetic Disorders
  13. Gene Therapy
  14. Classroom Activities
  15. Bibliography
  16. Websites Resources
  17. Appendix
  18. Notes

Imagine the Unimaginable Harnessing the Power of DNA: Principles of Genetic Engineering

Laura Ann Carroll-Koch

Published September 2013

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The Human Cell: Anatomy and Function

The cell is the microscopic unit of all living organisms. We have 50,000,000,000,000 (50 trillion) cells in our body. Through its evolution, the human cell has become a highly developed, complex structure of organized systems (see Figure 1). This cell is able to reproduce, respond to stimuli, maintain homeostasis, grow, and adapt to the environment. 1 A double bilayer membrane surrounds the cell like a wall. This membrane enables the cell to regulate the flow of water and materials through this membrane. The cell is filled with a fluid called cytosol allowing the organelles to float. In addition to the organelles, many proteins float in the cytosol controlling cell metabolism. Cytoplasm is the term used to describe the cytosol and all the organelles floating within it. Each organelle is encased in its own membrane, has a unique structure and a specific function. 2

image 13.06.01.01

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28biology%29

Figure 1 A Human Cell

Schematic diagram of the human cell illustrating the structure and position of the organelles within the cell structure.

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