Notes
1. While the quote may indeed be specious as no primary source document attributing the quote to Jefferson was detected, it is a liberal paraphrase of the sentiment in the Declaration of Independence that it is the right of the people to abolish a government that is unresponsive to their needs.
2. Photography is an especially democratized tool for modernity to capture moments and evoke emotional responses. Deborah Willis, Black Photographers Bear Witness, 9.
3. "Creating classrooms that empower, celebrate multiple perspectives, and invite imagination requires teachers to employ intuition, perception, and imagination& Teaching includes being able—morally and aesthetically—to read/view highly complex landscapes that often define learners& " Lynn S. Bustle, Image, Inquiry, and Transformative Practice, 45.
4. Lynn S. Bustle, Image, Inquiry, and Transformative Practice, 170.
5. Jennifer Klein and Elizabeth Stuart, Using Art to Teach Reading Comprehension Strategies, 1.
6. Lynn S. Bustle, Image, Inquiry, and Transformative Practice, 16.
7. Henry David Thoreau's treatise "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience" is a primary document students may benefit from examining in order to better understand the justification for this type of action.
8. James M. Jasper, The Art of Moral Protest, 70.
9. In an interesting side-note, Herngren notes that an act of martyrdom is not civil disobedience because the martyr suffers as a proxy for the individual, but the individual never overcomes their own fear of the consequences or suffering. Per Herngren, in The Path of Resistance, 136.
10. Per Herngren, The Art of Moral Protest, 379.
11. Thoreau and King seem to have advocated the practice of ignoring small injustices that are part of a large governmental machine as long as they do not involve compromising your inner moral code. Herbert J. Storing, The Case Against Civil Disobedience, 107.
12. The idea of non-violence is imperative, as noted by Per Herngren, because war is fighting an enemy, but politics is compromising with your enemy. Per Herngren, The Path of Resistance, 87.
13. Protest and Survive, 4.
14. Per Herngren, The Path of Resistance, 9.
15. Lewis Perry, Civil Disobedience, 15.
16. Per Herngren, The Path of Resistance, 81.
17. "He will judge between the nations/ and will settle disputes for many peoples./They will beat their swords into plowshares/ and their spears into pruning hooks./ Nation will not take up sword against nation,/ nor will they train for war anymore." Isaiah 2:4
18. Judith M. Brown, Gandhi and Civil Disobedience, 81.
19. Per Herngren, The Path of Resistance, 18.
20. "It has not always been clear whether the goal of civil disobedience is to be true to private conscience, to demonstrate morality, or to exert power. Is it to convert or coerce? Though nineteenth-century civil disobedience was justified in terms of private conscience, in the twentieth century disobedience was increasingly linked to power." Lewis Perry, Civil Disobedience, 18.
21. Hannah Arendt attributes the American quality of civil disobedience works to the spirit of our republic. Lewis Perry, Civil Disobedience, 23.
22. Michael Danoff, Compassion and Protest, 85.
23. Michael Danoff, Compassion and Protest, 87.
24. Antigone rails against the injustice of the civic law when she defends her action by stating that she does not feel "a mortal could override the unwritten and unfailing statutes of heaven." Antigone, lines 307-312.
25. The fourth wall is an artistic construct that divides the art from the audience, such as on a stage. Breaking the fourth wall refers to the artist acknowledging the audience such as when an actor delivers an aside directly to an audience.
26. Utilizing a black man to market his sculpture, Rogers' "sculpture defined itself as antithetical to the faux-marble whiteness of canonical European classical and neoclassical figurines." Kimberly Orcutt, John Rogers: American Stories, 19.
27. The image was displayed at the New York National Anti-Slavery Association as it humanized the subjects, exhibited sentimentality and addressed concern about the breakup of the black family structure. Kimberly Orcutt, John Rogers: American Stories, 79-81.
28. "But women were subject to the laws even if they did not make them, and what if one woman entreated others to break laws that society honored as fundamental to social order?" Per Herngren, Civil Disobedience, 64.
29. http://teachinghistory.org/tah-grants/project-spotlight/25759
30. Deborah Willis, Black Photographers Bear Witness, 15.
31. Per Herngren, The Path of Resistance, 9.
32. The term black is utilized as it conveys culture as opposed to race and honors the black photographers whose artistry extends back to the inception of the art in 1839. Deborah Willis, Black Photographers Bear Witness, 7.
33. Deborah Willis, Black Photographers Bear Witness, 62.
34. Lewis Perry, Civil Disobedience, 313.
35. In an interesting footnote, Lt. John Pike was awarded a $38,055 settlement by the Worker's Compensation Appeals Board for the mental anguish and trauma he suffered as an UC Davis employee.
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