Resources
Resources that were used during the research process of this unit plan are listed below. The first three sections contain references that will benefit teachers across the United States. The last section contains materials that are specific to Pennsylvania and Philadelphia. Teachers should feel encouraged to research the criminal justice system in their state and county.
Annotated Bibliography for Teachers
19 College Professors, “Boston Professors Criticize Globe Over Rollins,” Commonwealth Magazine (Boston, MA) July 12, 2019. https://commonwealthmagazine.org/opinion/boston-professors-criticize-globe-over-rollins/. This article exhibits the backlash to The Boston Globe’s critical piece about how District Attorney Rollins endangered the public.
Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press, 2012. Originally published in 2010, Alexander’s book recounts how the criminal justice system has racist origins, specifically as it relates to the War on Drugs. It examines the national trends that have contributed to the era of mass incarceration.
Beale, Sara Sun. “The News Media’s Influence on Criminal Justice Policy: How Market-Driven News Promotes Punitiveness.” William & Mary Law Review 48, no 2 (2006): 430. Beale’s report makes the power local and national media organizations have in influencing public opinion about crime evident.
Beckette, Katherine. Making Crime Pay: Law and Order in Contemporary American Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Beckette’s book shows how public opinion and crime rates are not often correlated.
Butler, Paul. “Why the Fraternal Order of Police Must Go.” The Marshall Project, October 11, 2017. https://www.themarshallproject.org/2017/10/11/why-the-fraternal-order-of-police-must-go. This piece discusses the impact of the FOP at national and local levels.
Estes, Andrea and Murphy, Shelley. “Stopping Injustice or Putting the Public at Risk? Suffolk DA Rachael Rollins’s Tactics Spur Pushback.” The Boston Globe (Boston, MA) July 6, 2019. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/07/06/stopping-injustice-putting-public-risk-suffolk-rachael-rollins-tactics-spur-pushback/IFC6Rp4tVHiVhOf2t97bFI/story.html?event=event12. This editorial is an example of how the local media has been reluctant to embrace criminal justice reform.
Forman Jr., James. “Justice Springs Eternal.” The New York Times. New York City, NY, March 25, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/25/opinion/sunday/justice-springs-eternal.html. Forman’s piece describes the new wave of progressive prosecutors that successfully won their campaigns across several US cities.
Forman Jr., James. Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017. Forman’s book primarily focuses on Washington D.C. It takes a close look at the steps taken by black leaders that ultimately contributed to an era of mass incarceration.
Grawert, Ames C. and Kimble, Cameron. “Crime in 2018: Final Analysis.” Brennan Center for Justice. New York City: New York University School of Law, 2019. file:///C:/Users/Alex%20de%20Arana/Downloads/2019_06_CrimeReport_FINAL_0%20(1).pdf. Grawert and Kimble’s study records the change in crime rate across the United States from 2017 to 2018.
Jost, Kenneth. “Plea Bargaining.” CQ Researcher. February 1999. https://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre1999021200. This publication shows the rise in guilty pleas and further enforces the power of prosecutors.
Kelly, Kimbrielle; Lowery, Wesley; and Rich, Steven. “Fired/Rehired: Police Chiefs Are Often Forced to Put Officers Fired for Misconduct Back on the Streets.” The Washington Post (Washington D.C.) August 3, 2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/investigations/police-fired-rehired/?utm_term=.b1eb11eff8c6. This story exposes the instances in which police unions hold a lot of power across local police departments throughout the country.
Pfaff, John. Locked In: The True Causes of Mass Incarceration—and How to Achieve Real Reform. New York: Basic Books, 2017. Pfaff’s book takes a statistical approach towards analyzing mass incarceration. Pfaff also shares his criticism of a variety of popular theories that authors such as Michelle Alexander support.
“Police Union Contract Review.” CheckthePolice. https://www.checkthepolice.org/#review. This website provides a detailed list of contracts for police departments across cities in the US.
Rothstein, Richard. The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America. New York: Liveright Publishing, 2017. Rothstein argues that de jure, not de facto, decision-making led to the segregation of communities in the US. Rothstein also explains how these policies of housing and community development affected education and crime.
Wang, Vivian. “Tiffany Cabán Concedes Queens D.A. Race, Dashing Progressives’ Hopes.” The New York Times. New York City, NY. August 6, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/06/nyregion/tiffany-caban-queens-da-concedes.html.da.html. The tight race for Queens’ position of district attorney is recapped in this feature.
Wilson, James Q. Thinking About Crime. New York: Basic Books, 2013. Originally published during the 1970s, Wilson’s book was popular among “tough on crime” advocates.
Student Reading List
Bazelon, Emily. Charged: The New Movement to Transform American Prosecution and End Mass Incarceration. New York: Random House, 2019. Bazelon’s book specifically addresses the role of the prosecutor in the development of mass incarceration. Bazelon also has an extensive list of reforms that prosecutors can implement to address the issue of mass incarceration.
“Crime Reported by Philadelphia Police Dept, Pennsylvania.” Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics (US Department of Justice: Washington D.C.). https://www.ucrdatatool.gov/Search/Crime/Local/RunCrimeJurisbyJuris.cfm. This serves as a useful tool for crime statistics. It may be used for all fifty states and the District of Columbia.
Grow, Kory. “Meek Mill’s Legal Troubles: A History.” Rolling Stone Magazine. March 2018. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/meek-mills-legal-troubles-a-history-117981/. Perhaps more relevant to students living in Philadelphia, this article provides a detailed account of Meek Mill’s experience with the criminal justice system. Meek Mill’s story is reflective of what many everyday people face.
Jones, Sabrina and Mauer, Marc. Race to Incarcerate: A Graphic Retelling. New York: The New Press, 2013. Jones and Mauer’s graphic novel provide for an excellent, overarching narrative of how the criminal justice system developed. The book is accessible to high school students.
Lopez, German. “Why You Can’t Blame Mass Incarceration on the War on Drugs.” Vox. https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/5/30/15591700/mass-incarceration-john-pfaff-locked-in. This column summarizes the widely read scholarship on mass incarceration and uses a compelling set of graphs and statistics to analyze criminal justice reform.
Pendergrass, Taylor and Marton, James. “How Progressive Prosecutors Can Transform the Criminal Justice System.” The Boston Globe (Boston, MA), July 15, 2019. https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2019/07/15/how-progressive-prosecutors-can-transform-criminal-justice-system/ecA7BqJNfN5T2JAxJTvzLK/story.html. The platforms of several reform-minded candidates across the US are reviewed in this article.
“Slate Presents: Charged.” Slate. https://slate.com/plus/charged-podcast.html. Paired well with excerpts from Bazelon’s book, this six-episode podcast series recounts many of the stories Bazelon goes into detail about in her book.
List of Materials for Classroom Use
“Alligator River Story.” Oakland University (Oakland, CA). https://wwwp.oakland.edu/Assets/upload/docs/Instructor-Handbook/The-Alligator-River-Story.pdf. Used in the first sample activity, students read a scenario and must rank the characters.
“Overview of Strawberry Mansion, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Neighborhood).” Statistical Analysis. https://statisticalatlas.com/neighborhood/Pennsylvania/Philadelphia/Strawberry-Mansion/Overview. While it is only used for Strawberry Mansion, this website provides useful statistics and graphs for crime rates, property values, and other sets of data for neighborhoods throughout the country.
Prison Policy Initiative. “PA Convicted Status.” Prison Policy Initiative, May 2017. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/profiles/PA.html. While this source focuses on Pennsylvania, the Prison Policy Initiative has several graphs and reports that detail each state’s incarceration profile.
Prison Policy Initiative. “Pennsylvania Incarceration and Supervision,” Prison Policy Initiative, December 2018. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/profiles/PA.html. This website serves for the same purposes as the previous Prison Policy Initiative source.
Prison Policy Initiative. “Pennsylvania Profile.” Prison Policy Initiative. December 2018. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/profiles/PA.html. This website serves for the same purposes as the two most previous Prison Policy Initiative sources.
“Starting Your Podcast: A Guide for Students.” NPR, November 15, 2018. https://www.npr.org/2018/11/15/662070097/starting-your-podcast-a-guide-for-students. This article provides examples and roles for students to create their own podcast in class.
Wildra, Emily. “How America’s Major Urban Centers Compare on Incarceration Rates.” Prison Policy Initiative. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2019/03/28/urban-incarceration/. This website ranks cities in the US according to their incarceration rates.
Resources Specific to Pennsylvania and Philadelphia
“2017-2018 Media Kit,” The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, PA). http://media.philly.com/storage/MediaKit.pdf. The Inquirer’s detailed report provides how many readers the Inquirer reaches in the Delaware Valley region.
“2017 General Election Officials Results.” Office of the Philadelphia City Commissioners. https://www.philadelphiavotes.com/en/resources-a-data/ballot-box-app/additional-election-results-data. Philadelphia’s data of the 2017 election results are shown on this website.
“2017 Philadelphia Workforce Diversity Profile Report,” Office of the Mayor (Philadelphia, PA) June 30, 2017. https://www.phila.gov/media/20180108095159/2017DiversityReport.pdf. Philadelphia’s Mayor’s Office displays a racial and ethnic breakdown of Philadelphia’s population and workforce.
“After Seven Years, Report Shows Philadelphia Police Continue to Illegally Stop and Frisk Pedestrians,” American Civil Liberties Union: Pennsylvania, November 2018. https://www.aclupa.org/news/2018/11/20/after-seven-years-report-shows-philadelphia-police-continue. The ACLU examines stop-and-frisk policies in Philadelphia.
“Analysis of Philadelphia Police Stop-and-Frisk Data Shows Illegal Stops Continue with Limited Progress,” ACLU Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA) January 8, 2018. https://www.aclupa.org/news/2018/01/08/analysis-philadelphia-police-stop-and-frisk-data-shows-illeg. This report explains the lawsuit brought by the ACLU against the PPD for stop-and-frisk policing.
Arbuckle, Alex Q. “May 13, 1985: The Bombing of MOVE.” Mashable (New York, NY). https://mashable.com/2016/01/10/1985-move-bombing/. Arbuckle provides a detailed, illustrative account of when Philadelphia’s government decided to bomb one of Philadelphia’s black nationalist groups.
Associated Press. “76ers, Nets, Patriots Partner with Meek Mill, Jay-Z for Justice Reform.” ESPN (Bristol, CT), January 24, 2019. htps://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/25833345/meek-mill-jay-z-76ers-nets-patriots-fight-justice-reform. The support that Meek Mill drew from a variety of criminal justice reformists is illustrated in this piece.
Barlett, Donald L. and Steele, James B. “D.A. Churns Out Indictments…But Many Are Weak.” The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, PA), February 20, 1973. Before becoming a US Senator, Arlen Specter is quoted here for his “tough on crime” stances.
Bixler, Michael. “Remembering Philly’s 1967 School Walkout & the Attack on Teen Activism.” Hidden City Philadelphia (Philadelphia, PA), March 13, 2018. https://hiddencityphila.org/2018/03/remembering-phillys-1967-school-walkout-the-attack-on-teenage-activism/. This article recounts the PPD’s response to the student led protests in the School District of Philadelphia.
Blumgart, Jake. “The Brutal Legacy of Frank Rizzo, the Most Notorious Cop in Philadelphia History.” Vice (New York, NY), October 22, 2015. https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/kwxp3m/remembering-frank-rizzo-the-most-notorious-cop-in-philadelphia-history-1022. Frank Rizzo’s rise to power and the decisions he made while serving Philadelphia are reported on in this article.
Burnley Malcolm and Kerkstra, Patrick. “Philadelphia Police Force Still Far Whiter Than City Itself.” Philadelphia Magazine (Philadelphia, PA) April 14, 2015. https://www.phillymag.com/citified/2015/04/14/philadelphia-police-demographics/. The FOP 5’s and the PPD’s racial demographics are analyzed in this article.
Cardella, Tom. “Rizzo Remembered.” South Philly Review (Philadelphia, PA), October 6, 2016. https://southphillyreview.com/2016/10/06/rizzo-remembered/. Cardella writes about the support Rizzo drew from his home neighborhood of South Philadelphia.
Crossney, Kristen B. “Redlining.” The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia. https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/redlining/. This text reveals the practice of redlining in Philadelphia and its effects on the city’s landscape.
Property Service Inc. Philadelphia Racial Map. Photographed by Alexander de Arana. June 1943; Philadelphia: Property Service Inc. Map. I found this map at the Philadelphia City Archives. It provides a block-by-block record of neighborhoods that were subject to redlining.
Denvir, Daniel. “The Philadelphia Inquirer Just Endorsed Mass Incarceration.” The Appeal October 17, 2017. https://theappeal.org/the-philadelphia-inquirer-just-endorsed-mass-incarceration/. This commentary is a critical account of the Inquirer’s endorsement for Beth Grossman.
“Donald Trump: We Have to Bring Back Law and Order.” CNN. September 26, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Drry6tO0ALI. CNN shows highlights of the presidential debate between Trump and Clinton during the 2016 presidential campaign.
“Eastern State Penitentiary Timeline.” Eastern State Penitentiary. https://www.easternstate.org/research/history-eastern-state/timeline. This timeline details the origins and development of one of Eastern State.
Elkins, Alex. “Columbia Avenue Riot.” The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia (Philadelphia, PA). https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/columbia-avenue-riot/. Elkins remembers one of Philadelphia’s largest riots stemming from police relations with communities of color.
“Endorsements.” Larry Krasner for Philadelphia District Attorney. https://krasnerforda.com/endorsements. Krasner’s website lists his endorsements to become the District Attorney of Philadelphia.
FOPLodge5. Twitter Post, August 1, 2019, 9:27 AM. https://twitter.com/FOPLodge5/status/1156964602439188481/photo/1. The FOP 5’s Twitter account provides updates on union activities.
Friends of Arlen Specter. “Specter and Gola. For District Attorney and City Controller.” The Philadelphia Inquirer Public Ledger (1934-1969) (Philadelphia, PA), November 3, 1969. This article details the endorsements for Specter during his campaign to become the city’s top prosecutor.
Ewing, Maura. “Philadelphia’s New Top Prosecutor Is Rolling Out Wild, Unprecedented Criminal Justice Reforms.” Slate, March 2018. https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/03/phillys-new-top-prosecutor-is-rolling-out-wild-unprecedented-criminal-justice-reforms.html. Ewing analyzes the rise of Larry Krasner.
Gonnerman, Jennifer. “Larry Krasner’s Campaign to End Mass Incarceration: Philadelphia’s District Attorney Reinvents the Role of the Modern Prosecutor.” The New Yorker (New York City, NY), October 22, 2018. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/10/29/larry-krasners-campaign-to-end-mass-incarceration. Krasner’s stances are explained in this feature.
Gutman, Abraham. “The Two Big Reasons the Police Union Wants Larry Krasner to Lose.” Philadelphia Magazine (Philadelphia, PA), November 3, 2018. https://www.phillymag.com/news/2017/11/03/krasner-mcnesby-police-union/. This column delves into the motivations behind the FOP 5’s endorsement of Beth Grossman.
Hickey, Brian. “Two Dozen Philly Academics: Inky Coverage Undermines Criminal Justice Reform.” Philly Voice, (Philadelphia, PA), July 25, 2019. https://www.phillyvoice.com/two-dozen-philly-academics-inquirer-crime-coverage-undermines-criminal-justice-reform/amp/?__twitter_impression=true. The Inquirer’s editorial board is criticized for their news coverage of Larry Krasner.
Hill, Tommie. "Bennett Mulls Extra Funding for Philadelphia's Drug War." Philadelphia Tribune (1912-2001), Oct 20, 1989. https://search.proquest.com/docview/532996385?accountid=15172. This feature reports Philadelphia’s pursuit of emergency federal funding during the War on Drugs.
House, Nate. “D.A. Says Her Office Deserves More Cash to Hire Employees.” The Philadelphia Tribune. February 26, 1999. https://search.proquest.com/docview/533315057/pageviewPDF/E8490DD7A9FA4A17PQ/5?accountid=15172. District Attorney Abraham’s request for more funding is reported on in this article.
Inquirer Editorial Board. “Beth Grossman Has the Energy, Strong Background, and Skills to Be Philly’s Next DA | Endorsement.” The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, PA) October 15, 2017. https://www.inquirer.com/philly/opinion/editorials/beth-grossman-has-the-energy-strong-background-and-skills-to-be-phillys-next-da-endorsement-20171015.html. Written by Inquirer’s editorial board, this column announces the endorsement for Beth Grossman.
Jane_Roh. Twitter Post. June 23, 2019. 12:06 PM. https://twitter.com/Jane_Roh/status/1142871590700494848/photo/1. This tweet shows the opinions of the Communications Director of the District Attorney Office of Philadelphia.
Johanson, Kristen. “McNesby on Racist Facebook Post Inquiry: Cops Held to Higher Standard, But Not All Should Lose Jobs.” KYW Newsradio (Philadelphia, PA), July 8, 2019. https://kywnewsradio.radio.com/articles/news/philadelphias-fop-president-speaks-out-investigation-racist-facebook-posts. In this interview between KYW Newsradio and McNesby, the President of the FOP 5 discusses the Facebook scandal.
Kempinen, Cynthia A. “A Multi-Method Study of Mandatory Minimum Sentences in Pennsylvania.” Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing. (Volume 9), April 2010. http://pcs.la.psu.edu/publications-and-research/research-bulletin/2010-april.-a-multi-method-study-of-mandatory-minimum-sentences-in-pennsylvania/view. The effects of Pennsylvania’s mandatory minimum sentencing laws are reported on in this document.
Kramer, John H. and Ulmer, Jeffery T. Sentencing Guidelines: Lessons from Pennsylvania. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2009. Kramer and Ulmer provide a detailed account of Pennsylvania’s attempt to reform the state’s sentencing laws.
Lacy, Akela and Grim, Ryan. “Pennsylvania Lawmakers Move to Strip Reformist Prosecutor Larry Krasner of Authority.” The Intercept (Philadelphia, PA) July 8, 2019. https://theintercept.com/2019/07/08/da-larry-krasner-pennsylvania-attorney-general/. This story examines the opposition that Krasner faced in the state legislature after entering office.
Lacy, Akela. “Pennsylvania Attorney General Josh Shapiro Will Support Repeal of Controversial Law Stripping Larry Krasner of Authority.” The Intercept (Philadelphia, PA), July 12, 2019. https://theintercept.com/2019/07/12/josh-shapiro-larry-krasner-pennsylvania-repeal-hb-1614/. Lacy explains how the Attorney General of Pennsylvania, a Democrat, opposes the efforts made to undermine Krasner’s office.
“Larry Krasner and George Soros Spent $33 Per Vote to Win the Philly DA Race.” BillyPenn (Philadelphia, PA), June 26, 2017. https://billypenn.com/2017/06/26/larry-krasner-and-george-soros-spent-33-per-vote-to-win-the-philly-da-race/. This table illustrates campaign spending during Krasner’s election.
Marin, Max. “New Philly Police Union Contract Falls Short on Disciplinary Reform.” City & State Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA), August 15, 2017. https://www.cityandstatepa.com/content/new-philly-police-union-contract-falls-short-disciplinary-reform. The contract that the FOP 5 made with the Philadelphia in 2017 is analyzed in this report.
Medina, Daniel A. “The Progressive Prosecutors Blazing a New Path for the US Justice System.” The Guardian (New York City, NY), July 23, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jul/23/us-justice-system-progressive-prosecutors-mass-incarceration-death-penalty?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Gmail. This piece discusses the national trend of progressive prosecutors.
“Members of the Black Panther Party, Stripped, Handcuffed, and Arrested After Philadelphia Police Raided the Panther Headquarters, August 1970.” ExplorePAHistory.com. http://explorepahistory.com/displayimage.php?imgId=1-2-1710. Pictures of the raid on the Black Panther Party are shown on this website.
Otterbein, Holly. “Kenney Calls Out Philly Police Union Head Over “Divisive Words.” Philadelphia Magazine (Philadelphia, PA) September 5, 2017. https://www.phillymag.com/news/2017/09/05/jim-kenney-john-mcnesby-fop-black-lives-matter-activists-animals/. This column analyzes the relationship McNesby has with city officials.
Otterbein, Holly. “In the Trump Era, Voter Turnout Skyrockets in Philly’s District Attorney Race.” Philadelphia Magazine. November 2017. https://www.phillymag.com/news/2017/11/08/philadelphia-da-election-turnout/. The rise in voter turnout during Krasner’s election in 2017 is interpreted in this article.
Otterbein, Holly. “Meet the D.A. Candidate Who Led Philly’s Civil Asset Forfeiture System.” Philadelphia Magazine (Philadelphia, PA) March 1, 2017. https://www.phillymag.com/news/2017/03/10/beth-grossman-district-attorney-race/. This story explains Beth Grossman’s history as a prosecutor.
Palmer, Chris. “Amid FOP Skepticism, DA Candidate Krasner Endorsed By Black Philly Cops’ Group.” The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, PA) June 20, 2017. https://www.inquirer.com/philly/news/politics/amid-fop-skepticism-da-candidate-krasner-endorsed-by-black-philly-cops-group-20170620.html. One of Krasner’s endorsements is summarized here.
Palmer, Chris. “How to Stem Philly’s Gun Violence? Officials Discuss Obstacles, Strategies at City Hall.” The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, PA), June 26, 2019. https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia-gun-violence-city-council-hearing-richard-ross-larry-krasner-20190626.html. This column discusses the meeting the Philadelphia City Council had to discuss the rise in gun violence during the summer of 2019.
Palmer, Chris. “Larry Krasner’s First Year as Philly DA: Staff Turnover, Fewer Cases, Plenty of Controversy.” The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, PA), January 6, 2019. https://www.inquirer.com/news/larry-krasner-philadelphia-district-attorney-staff-reform-cases-first-year-20190106.html. Palmer reveals the tension between Krasner’s offices and the PPD, the FOP 5, and the offices of US Attorney McSwain.
Palmer, Chris. “Meek Mill’s Conviction Vacated by PA Superior Court.” The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, PA), July 24, 2019. https://www.inquirer.com/news/meek-mill-conviction-overturned-cleared-larry-krasner-philadelphia-20190724.html#loaded. Pennsylvania Superior Court’s findings in Meek Mill’s trial are explained in this piece.
Palmer, Chris. “Philly DA Larry Krasner’s Office Says Meek Mill’s Judge Is Biased, Should Not Oversee Case.” The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, PA), May 22, 2019. https://www.inquirer.com/crime/meek-mill-genece-brinkley-larry-krasner-district-attorney-philadelphia-new-trial-20190522.html. This story provides Krasner’s reaction to Meek Mill’s case.
Palmer, Chris; Roebuck, Jeremy; Purcell, Dylan; and Shaw, Julie. “Criminal Justice System at Center of Swirling Debate as Gun Violence Continues in Philly.” The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, PA), June 22, 2019. https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia-larry-krasner-richard-ross-william-mcswain-shootings-murders-statistics-20190622.html. This feature discusses the uptick in violence during the summer of 2019 in Philadelphia, Krasner’s reaction, and the public feud between the city’s police department and the city’s district attorney’s office.
Pendergrass, Taylor and Marton, Janos. “How Progressive Prosecutors Can Transform the Criminal Justice System.” The Boston Globe (Boston, MA), July 15, 2019). https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2019/07/15/how-progressive-prosecutors-can-transform-criminal-justicsystem/ecA7BqJNfN5T2JAxJTvzLK/story.html?outputType=amp&event=event25&__twitter_impression=true. This item analyzes the importance of prosecutors during the reformist era.
Philadelphia Fraternal Order of Police Lodge #5 (Philadelphia, PA). https://fop5.org/. This is the website for the FOP 5. It provides a description of the organization and the benefits it provides its members.
The Philadelphia Inquirer, October 29, 1997. https://search.proquest.com/pagelevelimagepdf/1856640650/pagelevelImagePDF/$N/1?accountid=15172&t:lb=t. This story explains the platforms of candidates during the election campaign of 1997 in Philadelphia.
“Philadelphians Say Public Safety Is Biggest Issue Facing Their City in 2016,” PEW Research Center (Washington D.C., Washington D.C.) October 18, 2016. https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2016/10/18/philadelphians-say-public-safety-is-biggest-issue-facing-their-city-in-2016. This research report recounts Philadelphians’ biggest concern in 2016.
Rosenberg, Tina. “The Deadliest D.A.” The New York Times (New York City, NY), July 16, 1995. https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/16/magazine/the-deadliest-da.html. Lynn Abraham’s reputation for seeking the death penalty is discussed in this article.
Schneider, Eric C. “Crime.” The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia (Philadelphia, PA). https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/crime/. Schneider provides a history of crime and violence in Philadelphia.
Temple University. Police Officers Sift Through Rubble. Photographed by Rick Bowmer. Philadelphia: Temple University. Photograph. https://digital.library.temple.edu/digital/collection/p15037coll3/id/63936/rec/2. This photograph shows the aftermath of the MOVE bombing.
Wofford, Ben. “The ACLU’s Radical Plan to Fight Jeff Sessions.” Politico Magazine, May 2017. https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/05/16/the-aclus-radical-plan-to-fight-jeff-sessions-215139. Wofford examines what steps the ACLU took in order to motivate people to vote for a reform-minded district attorney during local elections.
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