The Problem of Mass Incarceration

CONTENTS OF CURRICULUM UNIT 19.02.07

  1. Unit Guide
  1. Rationale
  2. School Demographics
  3. Unit
  4. Background Information
  5. Strategies
  6. Activities
  7. Appendix
  8. Bibliography
  9. Endnotes

A History of Peacemaking and Incarceration with the Dine People

Jolene Rose Smith

Published September 2019

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Rationale

Our country has a significant problem. Many of our minorities face incarceration. Minorities like African and Latino Americans and the Indigenous people in America have a high rate of getting caught in the jail and prison system. The government judicial system is not a perfect entity and has caused many minorities to fall into tracks of incarceration. The history of African American incarceration was publicly known since they have been forcibly chained and dragged onto the New America’s shore. They are the dominated minority and have had extensive media exposure from civil right activists, religious minister, movies, literature, dances, and songs. They deserve a voice because they have been oppressed since captured from their homeland thousands of miles away. They cannot return to their homeland and live their original lives because their culture, language, family, and spiritual beliefs have been stripped away and beaten out of them.

Today, many of the African Americans have taken advantage of the American Dream and have obtain an education, a good job, beautiful home, and vehicle, raise an American family and obey the laws of the land. These standard structures of living like a middle-class American. But, not all minorities live the American Dream, and many young minorities are targeted by police officers as criminals while standing at a corner in a group. The scene is a similar scenario observed by police officers across the Nation. Not only to African Americans but for Latinos and American Indians as well. The American Indians are a very small percent when it comes to discussing criminal incidents and these data are not individually analyzed as tribal figures. Once again the system compile all Indigenous statistics as one group. When data is needed individual tribes need to compile their own data then report their information to the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, an estimated 4.8 million persons lived on American Indian reservations or in Alaska Native villages in the United States in 2010, the most recent data available.1 There are about 600 tribal entities, and 334 are federal, and state recognizes tribes. The Diné (Navajo) Nation is one of the acknowledge tribe and known to live on the largest Reservation in the United States. The Reservation located within the four-corner area encompassing the four sacred mountains on the Colorado Plateau. The populations of Navajo residence living on the Reservation is an estimate of 170,000 people. The Nation has six correction facilities operation in significant towns like Tuba City, Chinle, Window Rock, Shiprock, Crownpoint, and Kayenta. Three of the towns (Tuba City, Chinle, and Crownpoint) have adult and juvenile/youth correction centers, whereas the other three towns do not. These facilities transport juveniles to the nearby outlaying youth correction facilities, so juveniles and adults are not intermingling.

The students who attend the Kayenta school district and the Bureau of Education School across the street are aware of the local Correctional Facility. It is one of the more significant new building in town with high wired fence and locked entrances. Students have had a family member spend a night or two are the local jail. They have seen a police officer’s unit parked in front of the school building and know someone is in trouble with drugs, usually marijuana or not complying with the school rules. Our school has an In-School-Suspension (ISS) classroom and not very many student referrals end up there. Once in a while a handful are sitting in the class and it is usually tardiness or minor behaviors of not following the student handbook guidelines. Most students do respect the teachers and each other.

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