Notes
1 Raup, “The Role of Extinction in Evolution” 6758-6762
2 “Species Extinction”, https://www.iucn.org/content/species-extinction
3 Education, http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/sol/standards_docs/science/2018/index.shtml
4 Raup, “The Role of Extinction in Evolution” 6758-6762
5 “Species Extinction”, https://www.iucn.org/content/species-extinction
6 Raup, “The Role of Extinction in Evolution” 6760
7 De Vos “Estimating the Normal Background Rate of Species Extinction,” 452
8 National Geographic Society, https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/mass-extinctions/
9 Greshko, “What Are Mass Extinctions, and What Causes Them?” https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/mass-extinction/
10 Wilson, “Threats to Biodiversity” 111
11 Elewa, Mass Extinction 1-3
12 National Geographic Society, https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/mass-extinctions/
13 Greshko, “What Are Mass Extinctions, and What Causes Them?” https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/mass-extinction/
14 Wilson, “Threats to Biodiversity” 111
15 Elewa, Mass Extinction 1-3
16 iBiology, https://www.ibiology.org/ecology/loss-biodiversity-human-dominated-world/
17 Sandon, “Global Late Quaternary Megafauna Extinctions Linked to Humans, Not Climate Change,” 1
18 Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, 230
19 Wan, “Climate Warming and Humans Played Different Roles in Triggering Late Quarternary Extinctions in East and Wes Eurasia,” 7
20 Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, 230
21 Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, 230
22 Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, 230
23 Elewa, Mass Extinction 160-161
24 Peivani, “The Sixth Mass Extinction: Anthropocene and the Human Impact on Biodiversity,” 90
25 Ellis, Anthropocene: A Very Short Introduction, 53
26 Peivani, “The Sixth Mass Extinction: Anthropocene and the Human Impact on Biodiversity,” 90
27 Oxford English Dictionary
28 Peivani, “The Sixth Mass Extinction: Anthropocene and the Human Impact on Biodiversity,” 91
29 Image marked as available for reuse.
30 Jackson, “Extinction: The Passenger Pigeon, Last Hopes, Letting Go,” 767 & 769
31 Jackson, “Extinction: The Passenger Pigeon, Last Hopes, Letting Go,” 770
32 Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, 17
33 Ochoa-Ochoa, “The Demise of the Golden Toad and the Creation of a Climate Change Icon Species,” 1
34 Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, 18
35 Weldon, "Origin of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus,” 2100
36 Laurance, “Emerging Threats to Tropical Forests,” 163
37 Weldon, "Origin of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus,” 2100
38 Weldon, "Origin of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus,” 2104
39 Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History 18
40 Weldon, "Origin of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus,” 2104
41 Peivani, “The Sixth Mass Extinction: Anthropocene and the Human Impact on Biodiversity,” 91
42 Watson, “Human Response to Climate Change Will Seriously Impact Biodiversity Conservation: Its Time We Start Planning for Them,” 2
43 Crain, “Understanding and Managing Human Threats to Coastal Marine Environment,” 41
44 Crain, “Understanding and Managing Human Threats to Coastal Marine Environment,” 41
45 Crain, “Understanding and Managing Human Threats to Coastal Marine Environment,” 41
46 Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, 141
47 Oxford English Dictionary
48 Crain, “Understanding and Managing Human Threats to Coastal Marine Environment,” 41-42
49 Crain, “Understanding and Managing Human Threats to Coastal Marine Environment,” 42
50 Crain, “Understanding and Managing Human Threats to Coastal Marine Environment,” 42-43
51 Crain, “Understanding and Managing Human Threats to Coastal Marine Environment,” 43
52 Crain, “Understanding and Managing Human Threats to Coastal Marine Environment,” 43
53 Crain, “Understanding and Managing Human Threats to Coastal Marine Environment,” 40
54 Wassman, “Footprints of Climate Change in the Arctice Marine Ecosystem,” 1236 & 1239
55 Crain, “Understanding and Managing Human Threats to Coastal Marine Environment,” 45
56 Crain, “Understanding and Managing Human Threats to Coastal Marine Environment,” 45
57 Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, 141
58 Crain, “Understanding and Managing Human Threats to Coastal Marine Environment,” 45
59 Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, 142
60 Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, 140
61 Laurance, “Emerging Threats to Tropical Forests,” 160
62 Laurance, “Emerging Threats to Tropical Forests,” 160-162
63 Laurance, “Emerging Threats to Tropical Forests,” 160-162
64 Laurance, “Emerging Threats to Tropical Forests,” 163
65 Laurance, “Emerging Threats to Tropical Forests,” 163-164
66 Laurance, “Emerging Threats to Tropical Forests,” 164
67 Curtin, “Grasslands, People, and Conservation: Over-the-Horizon Learning Exchange between African and American Pastoralists,” 871
68 Curtin, “Grasslands, People, and Conservation: Over-the-Horizon Learning Exchange between African and American Pastoralists,” 871
69 Curtin, “Grasslands, People, and Conservation: Over-the-Horizon Learning Exchange between African and American Pastoralists,” 871
70 iBiology, https://www.ibiology.org/ecology/loss-biodiversity-human-dominated-world/
71 Farigone, “Bioenergy and Wildlife: Treats and Opportunities for Grassland Conservation,” 767-775
72 Curtin, “Grasslands, People, and Conservation: Over-the-Horizon Learning Exchange between African and American Pastoralists,” 871
73 Duncan, “Oil in the Sahara: Mapping Anthropogenic Threats to Saharan Biodiversity from Space,” 1
74 Brito, “Unravelling Biodiversity, Evolution, and Treats to Conservation in the Sahara-Sahel,” 215
75 Brito, “Unravelling Biodiversity, Evolution, and Treats to Conservation in the Sahara-Sahel,” 215
76 Duncan, “Oil in the Sahara: Mapping Anthropogenic Threats to Saharan Biodiversity from Space,” 2
77 Brito, “Unravelling Biodiversity, Evolution, and Treats to Conservation in the Sahara-Sahel,” 223-224
78 Averill-Murray, “A New Approach to Conservation of the Mojave Desert Tortoise,” 894
79 Duncan, “Oil in the Sahara: Mapping Anthropogenic Threats to Saharan Biodiversity from Space,” 2
80 Duncan, “Oil in the Sahara: Mapping Anthropogenic Threats to Saharan Biodiversity from Space,” 2
81 Patterson, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-poised-to-shrink-two-national-monuments/
82 Averill-Murray, “A New Approach to Conservation of the Mojave Desert Tortoise,” 894
83 Averill-Murray, “A New Approach to Conservation of the Mojave Desert Tortoise,” 894
84 Rodríguez- Rodríguez, “Mapping Direct Human Influence on World Mountain Areas,” 199
85 Rodríguez- Rodríguez, “Mapping Direct Human Influence on World Mountain Areas,” 199
86 Wickham, "The Overlooked Terrestrial Impacts of Mountaintop Mining," 335-345
87 Edwards, “Mining and the African Environment,” 302-303
88 Pauchard, “Ain’t No Mountain High Enough: Plant Invasions Reaching New Elevations,” 482
89 Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, 193-195 & 205
90 Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, 205
91 Pauchard, “Ain’t No Mountain High Enough: Plant Invasions Reaching New Elevations,” 480
92 Huss, “Toward Mountains without Permanent Snow and Ice,” 418
93 Huss, “Toward Mountains without Permanent Snow and Ice,” 425 & 427
94 Parson https://www.chesapeakebay.net/news/blog/remembering_that_all_life_is_interrelated
95 UN Report, https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/nature-decline-unprecedented-report/
96 UN Report, https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/nature-decline-unprecedented-report/
97 Masood, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05984-3
98 https://www.iucn.org/content/natural-solutions-protected-areas-helping-people-deal-desertification-and-drought
99 UN Report, https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/nature-decline-unprecedented-report/
100 Huss, “Toward Mountains without Permanent Snow and Ice”, 427
101 Sneed, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-conservation-efforts-can-learn-from-indigenous-communities/
102 Sneed, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-conservation-efforts-can-learn-from-indigenous-communities/
103 Sneed, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-conservation-efforts-can-learn-from-indigenous-communities/
104 Curtin, “Grasslands, People, and Conservation: Over-the-Horizon Learning Exchange between African and American Pastoralists”, 873
105 Kasaona, https://www.ted.com/talks/john_kasaona_how_poachers_became_caretakers?language=en
106 Boudreaux, “Community Conservatoin In Namibia: Empowering The Poor With Property Rights”, 17
107 Hoole, “Breaking down fences: Recoupling social-ecological systems for biodiversity conservation in Namibia,” 304
108 Kasaona, https://www.ted.com/talks/john_kasaona_how_poachers_became_caretakers?language=en
109 Boudreaux, “Community Conservatoin In Namibia: Empowering The Poor With Property Rights”, 18
110 Berkes, “Rethinking Community-Based Conservation,” 622-624 & 627
111 Kasaona, https://www.ted.com/talks/john_kasaona_how_poachers_became_caretakers?language=en
112 Boudreaux, “Community Conservatoin In Namibia: Empowering The Poor With Property Rights”, 18
113 Kasaona, https://www.ted.com/talks/john_kasaona_how_poachers_became_caretakers?language=en
114 Boudreaux, “Community Conservatoin In Namibia: Empowering The Poor With Property Rights”, 20
115 Boudreaux, “Community Conservatoin In Namibia: Empowering The Poor With Property Rights”, 20
116 Kasaona, https://www.ted.com/talks/john_kasaona_how_poachers_became_caretakers?language=en
117 Boudreaux, “Community Conservatoin In Namibia: Empowering The Poor With Property Rights”, 20
118 Goodall, https://www.ted.com/talks/jane_goodall_how_humans_and_animals_can_live_together
119 Goodall, https://www.ted.com/talks/jane_goodall_how_humans_and_animals_can_live_together
120 Goodall, https://www.ted.com/talks/jane_goodall_how_humans_and_animals_can_live_together
121 UN Report, https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/nature-decline-unprecedented-report/
122 UN Report, https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/nature-decline-unprecedented-report/
123 Image created by author
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