Notes
1] Wilson, August. Gem of the Ocean. New York: Theater Communications Group, 2006. 52-53.
2 Freedman, Samuel G. “A Voice from the Streets.” The New York Times Magazine (March 15, 1987): 36, accessed July 15, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/15/magazine/a-voice-from-the-streets.html.
3 “Slave Ship (Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon Coming On).” MFA Boston. Accessed Aug. 1, 2023. https://collections.mfa.org/objects/31102/slave-ship-slavers-throwing-overboard-the-dead-and-dying-t#:~.
4 Wood, Marcus. Visual representations of slavery in England and America, 1780-1865. New York: Manchester University Press, 2000. 41.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid., 47-51.
7 Ibid., 54-55.
8 Ibid., 59-67.
9 Ibid., 68.
10 Ibid., 19.
11 Ibid., 23-24.
12 Ibid., 24.
13 “The Slave Trade.” National Archives. The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, Jan. 7, 2022. Accessed July 13, 2023. https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/slave-trade.html.
14 Molesworth, Helen. ed. Kerry James Marshall: Mastry. Chicago: Skira Rizzoli Publications, 2016. 110.
15 "Blackface: The Birth of An American Stereotype.” National Museum of African American History and Culture. Accessed July 14, 2023. https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/blackface-birth-american-stereotype.
16 Cooks, Bridget R. “Romare Bearden: On View.” Romare Bearden: American Modernist. Edited by Ruth Fine and Jacqueline Francis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011. 213.
17 Ibid., 212-213.
18 Ibid., 212.
19 Ibid., 212.
20 Miller, Angela L., Janet C. Berlo, Bryan J. Wolf, and Jennifer L. Roberts. American Encounters: Art, History, and Cultural Identity. Upper Saddle River: Pearson, 2008. 98.
21 Barringer, Tim. “Current Thinking about Race and Representation.” Histories of Art, Race and Empire: 1492-1865 (seminar lecture, Yale University, New Haven, CT, July 11, 2023).
22 Pinder, Kymberly N. “Deep Waters: Rebirth, Transcendence, and Abstraction in Romare Bearden’s Passion of Christ.” Romare Bearden: American Modernist. Edited by Ruth Fine and Jacqueline Francis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011. 160.
23 Elleh, Nnamdi. “Bearden’s Dialogue with Africa and the Avant-Garde.” The Art of Romare Bearden: The Prevalence of Ritual. New York: Abrams, 1973.
24 Karveh, Elham Jalali. “Myth as a semiological system in August Wilson’s Gem of the Ocean, Joe Turner’s Come and Gone and The Piano Lesson.” International Journal of English and Education 5, no. 4 (October 2016): 177-187. Accessed July 16, 2023. http://ijee.org/assets/docs/15.28112244.pdf. 179.
25 Blake, Jody. “Cold War Diplomacy and Civil Rights Activism at the First World Festival of Negro Arts.” Romare Bearden: American Modernist. Edited by Ruth Fine and Jacqueline Francis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011. 45.
26 Francis, Jacqueline. “Bearden’s Hands.” Romare Bearden: American Modernist. Edited by Ruth Fine and Jacqueline Francis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011. 123.
27 O’Meally, Robert G. “We Used to Say Stashed: Romare Bearden Paints the Blues.” Romare Bearden: American Modernist. Edited by Ruth Fine and Jacqueline Francis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011. 73.
28 Ibid., 73.
29 Ibid., 73.
30 Miller, Angela L., Janet C. Berlo, Bryan J. Wolf, and Jennifer L. Roberts. American Encounters: Art, History, and Cultural Identity. 145.
31 “Portrait of John Soane Junior and George Soane, 1805.” Sir John Soane's Museum Collection Online. Sir John Soane’s Museum: London. Accessed July 16, 2023. https://collections.soane.org/object-p229.
32 Paul, Annie. “Exorbitance.” Kehinde Wiley: A New Republic. Edited by Eugenie Tsai. New York: DelMonico Books & Prestel, 2015. 146.
33 Wilson, August. Gem of the Ocean. New York: Theater Communications Group, 2006. 66.
34 “White Chicks.” IMDb. 2023. Accessed July 16, 2023. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0381707/.
35 Forrester, Gillian. "Mapping a New Kingston: Belisario’s Sketches of Character." In Art and Emancipation in Jamaica: Isaac Mendes Belisario and His Worlds, by Tim Barringer, Gillian Forrester, and Barbaro Martinez-Ruiz. New Haven: Yale Center for British Art, 2007. Accessed July 16, 2023. https://aaeportal.com/?id=-18628#A-18628_48.
36 Ibid.
37 Ibid.
38 "Catalogue: Sketches of Character." In Art and Emancipation in Jamaica: Isaac Mendes Belisario and His Worlds, by Tim Barringer, Gillian Forrester, and Barbaro Martinez-Ruiz. New Haven: Yale Center for British Art, 2007. Accessed July 16, 2023. https://aaeportal.com/?id=-18648.
39 Barringer, Tim. “Slavery and the Plantation in the Caribbean and North America.” Histories of Art, Race and Empire: 1492-1865 (seminar lecture, Yale University, New Haven, CT, July 13, 2023).
40 Ibid.
41 “Looking: Ten Times Two.” Project Zero. Cambridge: Harvard College and Project Zero, 2022. Accessed July 17, 2023. https://pz.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/Looking%20-%20Ten%20Times%20Two_1.pdf.
42 “Values, Identities, Actions.” Project Zero. Cambridge: Harvard College and Project Zero, 2022. Accessed July 17, 2023. https://pz.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/Looking%20-%20Ten%20Times%20Two_1.pdf.
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