Notes
1 After this unit was composed, the Richmond Public Schools School Board changed the name of John B. Cary Elementary to Lois Harrison-Jones Elementary for the 2023-2024 school year.
2 Andrea Falken. U.S. Department of Education Green Ribbon Schools Fact Sheet 2023-2024. April 24. 2023.
3 I highly encourage you to learn more about the power of the windows and mirrors perspective if you have not come across this in literacy professional development yet. Fostering both aspects in our classrooms is critical for our students to look through windows at other backgrounds, cultures, or knowledge, as well as to look in mirrors or backgrounds, cultures, or knowledge that they share. In some ways, I am advocating for students to look at animals and plants in this way as well—in what ways are we the same, and in what ways are we different?
4 Rachel Ignotofsky, What’s Inside a Flower? (Solon, OH: Findaway World, LLC, 2023), 21-31.
5 “The Why, What, When, Where, Who, How of Pollination.” Smithsonian Gardens, October 25, 2021. https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/pollinator-garden/why-what-when-where-who-how-pollination/.
6 Ignotofsky, 23-26. I created Figure 1 based off of content from these pages of the text.
7 Sharla Riddle, “How Bees See and Why It Matters.” Bee Culture, May 20, 2016. https://www.beeculture.com/bees-see-matters/#:~:text=They%20can%20also%20see%20blue,color%20much%20faster%20than%20humans.
8 Doug Golick et al., “A Framework for Pollination Systems Thinking and Conservation.” Environmental Education Research 24, no. 8 (July 12, 2017): 1143. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2017.1349878.
9 Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. “Assessment Report on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production.” IPBES, 2016. https://www.ipbes.net/assessment-reports/pollinators.
10 Smithsonian Gardens, “The Why, What, When, Where, Who, How of Pollination.”
11 Jennifer Marshman et al, “Anthropocene Crisis: Climate Change, Pollinators, and Food Security” Environments 6, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments6020022.
12 Some examples of citizen-science programs include Monarch Watch, Bumblebee Watch, or the Bumble Boosters Project. Larger organizations include groups like the Xerces Society or the Pollinator Partnership.
13 Golick et al., 1153-1156.
14 P. Citlally Jimenez et al., “Developing and Evaluating a Pollination Systems Knowledge Assessment in a Multidisciplinary Course,” International Journal of STEM Education 9, no. 1 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00368-6.
15 Golick et al., 1156.
16 Jimenez et al., 9-11.
17 University of Vienna. "How flowers adapt to their pollinators: Modularity facilitates rapid adaptation of single floral organs to different pollinators." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/12/191205130558.
18 Bentol, Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution, Phytology https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nph.17822
19 Pollinator Partnership. “Pollination.” Pollinator.org, 2023. https://www.pollinator.org/pollination.
20 Ignotofsky, 21-24.
21 I created Figure 2 based off of images from Ignotofsky.
22 Ignotofsky, 22-24.
23 For more detailed information on pollinators, I highly recommend visiting the US Forest Service resources like their website, which contains photos and more on each of the pollinators listed here as well as others.
24 I created this figure using open source images from Canva. I highly recommend this as a source for creating materials for your classroom!
25 Nardi, James. Discoveries in the Garden. (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2018), Ch 10.
26 Nardi, 215.
27 Lucas Garibaldi et al., “Exploring Connections between Pollinator Health and Human Health.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 377, no. 1853 (May 2, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0158.
28 Pollinator Partnership.
29 Damon Hall et al., “The City as a Refuge for Insect Pollinators.” Conservation Biology 31, no. 1 (January 14, 2017): 25. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12840
30 Marshman et al., 3.
31 J. Hopwood et al., “Beyond the Birds and the Bees: Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Agriculturally Important Beneficial Insects.” Xerces Society. 2013. https://xerces.org/beyond-the-birds-and-the-bees/
32 John Mackenzie and Martyn Jeggo, “The One Health Approach—Why Is It so Important?” Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 4, no. 2 (2019): 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4020088.
33 Marshman et al., 6-8.
34 Pollan, Michael. Second Nature: A Gardener’s Education. (New York, NY: Grove Press, 1991), 190-201.
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