Infectious Respiratory Disease

CONTENTS OF CURRICULUM UNIT 25.05.01

  1. Unit Guide
  1. Introduction and Rationale 
  2. Demographics and Student Description
  3. Content Objectives
  4. Teaching Strategies
  5. Classroom Activities
  6. Resources
  7. Appendix on Implementing District Standards
  8. Notes

“Efficiency & Faithfulness”: How One Philly Nurse Fought Tuberculosis

Danina M. Garcia

Published September 2025

Tools for this Unit:

Notes

  1. School District of Philadelphia, “Evaluation, Research, and Accountability – the School District of Philadelphia,” Philasd.org, 2024, https://www.philasd.org/research/#spree.
  2. Eliza Strickland, “Humans Have Hosted Tuberculosis Bacteria for at Least 9,000 Years,” Discover Magazine, October 15, 2008, https://www.discovermagazine.com/health/humans-have-hosted-tuberculosis-bacteria-for-at-least-9-000-years.
  3. John Green, Everything Is Tuberculosis (Penguin Group, 2025), 56.
  4. Melvin Sanicas, “What Makes Tuberculosis (TB) the World’s Most Infectious Killer? - Melvin Sanicas,” YouTube, June 27, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0Gv96uDctM.
  5. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, “Provisional 2024 Tuberculosis Data, United States,” Tuberculosis Data, March 12, 2025, https://www.cdc.gov/tb-data/2024-provisional/index.html.
  6. Green, 2025, 16.
  7. Green, 2025, 146.
  8. Arthur C Jacobson, Tuberculosis and the Creative Mind (Albert T. Huntington, 1909), https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009704837, 3.
  9. Green, 2025, 133.
  10. Barbara Bates, Bargaining for Life a Social History of Tuberculosis, 1876-1938 (University Of Pennsylvania Press, 1992).
  11. Henry Phipps Institute, “First Annual Report of the Henry Phipps Institute for the Study, Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis,” HathiTrust Research Center (Philadelphia: Henry Phipps Institute, 1903), 19.
  12. Henry R. M. Landis, “The Reception of Koch’s Discovery in the United States” (Annals of Medical History, March 14, 1932), https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d639/61ec5346faf36999a6ab9f9cf557b1eb00ec.pdf.
  13. Sanicas, 2019.
  14. Green, 2025, 59.
  15. Lawrence F. Flick, The Contagiousness of Phthisis (Tubercular Pumonitis) (Philadelphia: WM. J. Dornan, Printer, 1888).
  16. Flick, 1888.
  17. Lawrence Francis Flick, Consumption, a Curable and Preventable Disease (1903; repr., Kessinger Publishing, 2008).
  18. Flick, 1903
  19. Flick, 1888, 21.
  20. 20. Flick, 1888
  21. Landis, 1932.
  22. Carl Zimmer, Air-Borne (Pan Macmillan, 2025).
  23. “Sanitary,” The Independent, January 6, 1897.
  24. Henry Phipps Institute, “An Account of the Exercises on the Occasion of the Opening of the New Building of the Henry Phipps Institute.,” Hathitrust.org (Hathitrust Research Center, 1913).
  25. Vera Blinn Reber, Tuberculosis in the Americas, 1870-1945 (Routledge, 2018).
  26. J Margo Brooks Carthon, “Life and Death in Philadelphia’s Black Belt: A Tale of an Urban Tuberculosis Campaign, 1900 – 1930,” Nursing History Review 19, no. 1 (January 2011): 29–52, https://doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.19.29.
  27. Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis, “Preventing Tuberculosis in Pennsylvania” (Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis, 1914).
  28. Rosina McAvoy Ryan, “Settlement Houses,” Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia, 2013, https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/essays/settlement-houses/.
  29. Margo Brooks Carthon, “Making ENDS Meet: Community Networks and Health Promotion among Blacks in the City of Brotherly Love,” American Journal of Public Health 101, no. 8 (August 2011): 1392–1401, https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2011.300125.
  30. David McBride, “The Henry Phipps Institute, 1903-1937: Pioneering Tuberculosis Work With An Urban Minority,” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 61, no. 1 (1987): 78–97, https://www.jstor.org/stable/44433664.
  31. Henry Phipps Institute, 1903, 5.
  32. Henry Phipps Institute, “Annual Report of the Henry Phipps Institute 2 (1904-05).,” HathiTrust Research Center, 1905.
  33. Henry R. M. Landis, “The Tuberculosis Problem and the Negro,” in Transactions, 1926, 1927, 376–79, https://www.proquest.com/books/tuberculosis-problem-negro/docview/58024572/se-2..
  34. Flick, 1903, 65.
  35. David McBride, “The Henry Phipps Institute 1903-1937: Pioneering Tuberculosis Work With an Urban Minority,” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 61, no. 1 (1987): 78–97, https://www.jstor.org/stable/44433664.
  36. The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the US, “A Friendly Word with the Philadelphians” (New York, 1911).
  37. Barbara Bates, Bargaining for Life a Social History of Tuberculosis, 1876-1938 (University Of Pennsylvania Press, 1992), 292.
  38. Henry Phipps Institute, 1904
  39. Mabel Jacques, “The Visiting Nurse in Tuberculosis: Her Importance as an Educational Agent,” Journal of the Outdoor Life 1, no. 1 (January 1909).
  40. Henry Phipps Institute, 1904
  41. Jacques, 1909.
  42. Henry Phipps Institute, 1904, 12.
  43. Reber, 2019
  44. Bates, 1992
  45. Maria Smilios, The Black Angels (Penguin, 2023).
  46. Grace Hemminson et al., “Radam’s Microbe Killer: Advertising Cures for Tuberculosis,” Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections, October 9, 2015, https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2015/10/09/radams-microbe-killer-advertising-cures-for-tuberculosis/.
  47. Henry R. M. Landis, “The Clinic for Negroes at the Henry Phipps Institute” (Philadelphia: Henry Phipps Institute, 1923).
  48. Anna V. Johnson, “Wilmington Round Up,” Philadelphia Tribune, May 5, 1959.
  49. Austin M. Curtis and Freedman's Hospital, “Report of the Freedmen’s Hospital to the Secretary of the Interior, 1899,” Library of Congress (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1899., 1899), http://loc.gov/item/91898264.
  50. Pitts Mosley, Marie O. “Satisfied to Carry the Bag: Three Black Community Health Nurses’ Contributions to Health Care Reform, 1900–1937.” Nursing History Review 4, no. 1 (January 1996): 65–82. https://doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.4.1.65. This article gives useful details about both Tyler and her colleagues in New York City.
  51. Jessie Sleet, “A Successful Experiment,” The American Journal of Nursing 1, no. 10 (July 1901): 729, https://doi.org/10.2307/3402348.
  52. “Editorial Comment: Nurses’ Settlement News,” The American Journal of Nursing 6, no. 12 (1906): 829–42, https://doi.org/10.2307/3402960.
  53. Henry M. Minton, “On Tuberculosis” (Wharton Centre Records, Box 30. Urban Archives, Temple University Libraries, Philadelphia.: Whittier Centre Annual Report, 1915).
  54. Elizabeth W. Tyler, “Summary of Work: February 1st to October 1st, 1914” (Wharton Centre Records, Box 30. Urban Archives, Temple University Libraries, Philadelphia.: Whittier Centre Annual Report, 1914., 1914).
  55. Tyler, 1914.
  56. Tyler, 1914.
  57. Tyler, 1914
  58. “Wilmington Jottings,” Philadelphia Tribune, August 29, 1914.
  59. Elizabeth W. Tyler, “Summary of Medical Social Work, October 1st, 1914 to September 30th, 1915.” (Wharton Centre Records, Box 30. Urban Archives, Temple University Libraries, Philadelphia.: Whittier Centre Annual Report, 1915).
  60. Bernard Neumann, “The Relation of Housing and Tuberculosis,” in Preventing Tuberculosis in Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, 1914), 41.
  61. Henry R. M. Landis to Bernard Neumann, “Letter to Secretary of the Philadelphia Housing Commission, Describing Tuberculosis as a ‘House Disease,’” Housing Association of the Delaware Valley Collection, Box 14. Urban Archives, Temple University Libraries, Philadelphia., December 27, 1913.
  62. Tyler, 1914.
  63. Unsigned to Susan P. Wharton, “Letter on the Abraham Lincoln Club,” Housing Association of the Delaware Valley Collection, Box 14. Urban Archives, Temple University Libraries, Philadelphia., March 12, 1914.
  64. Tyler, 1915.
  65. “How to Give Negro a Chance,” Afro-American, January 29, 1916.
  66. Elizabeth W. Tyler to Bernard Neumann, “Signed Card Requesting Monthly Meeting of the Whittier Centre Executive Committee,” Housing Association of the Delaware Valley Collection, Box 14. Urban Archives, Temple University Libraries, Philadelphia., February 18, 1915.
  67. Tyler, 1914.
  68. Tyler, 1914.
  69. “Patients at Phipps’ Institute Carefully Watched,” 1921.
  70. Sadie Tanner Mossell, A Study of the Negro Tuberculosis Problem in Philadelphia (Henry Phipps Institute, 1923).
  71. Minton, 1924.
  72. Phipps Institute, 1923.
  73. Harry A. Moul, “The Work of the Whittier Centre: 1893-1927” (Wharton Centre Records, Box 30. Urban Archives, Temple University Libraries, Philadelphia.: Whittier Centre Annual Report, 1927., 1927).
  74. Alexander M. Manly, “Where Negroes Live in Philadelphia · Goin’ North,” Goinnorth.org, 1923, https://goinnorth.org/items/show/489.
  75. G Kylene Beers and Robert E Probst, Reading Nonfiction : Notice & Note Stances, Signposts, and Strategies (Portsmouth, Nh: Heinemann, 2016).
  76. Library of Congress: Teaching with Primary Sources, “Teacher’s Guides and Analysis Tool | Getting Started with Primary Sources | Teachers | Programs | Library of Congress,” Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, accessed July 12, 2025, https://www.loc.gov/programs/teachers/getting-started-with-primary-sources/guides/.
  77. Achieve the Core, “Juicy Sentence Guidance,” 2021, https://achievethecore.org/content/upload/Juicy%20Sentence%20Guidance.pdf.
  78. Mary Kamela, “Cut the CRAAP: Replacing Vertical Evaluation with Lateral Reading,” New Directions for Teaching and Learning 2024, no. 180 (July 8, 2024): 49–58, https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.20608.
  79. Sam Wineburg and Sarah McGrew, “Lateral Reading: Reading Less and Learning More When Evaluating Digital Information,” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2017, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3048994.

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