Notes
[1] Calavita, Kitty. The Paradoxes of Race, Class, Identity, and ‘Passing’: Enforcing the Chinese Exclusion Acts, 1882-1910. P. 4
[2] Chan, Sucheng. Chinese American Transnationalism: The flow of People, Resources, p. 2
[3] Mae Ngai, “Chinese Gold Minders and the ‘Chinese Question’ in Nineteenth-Century California and Victoria, Journal of American History, vol. 101, no. 3, March 2015, p. 1096.
[4] Lee, Erika. The Chinese Exclusion Example: Race, Immigration, and American Gatekeeping, 1882-1924, p. 38.
[5] Calavita, Kitty. The background and overview of history: how the exclusion law is captured for a clear timeline.
[6] Lee, Erika points out the 1875 Page Act as one of the ways certain groups were screened out and not allowed to enter America, p. 42.
[7] Lee, Heather Ruth., “The Right to Return,” p. 375.
[8] Lee, Heather Ruth, “The Right to Return,” p. 375.
[9] https://www.mnhs.org/hmong/hmong-timeline
[10] Minnesota Historical Society. Mnhs.org
[11] Minnesota Historical Society. Mnhs.org
[12] Jane Hamilton-Merrit, Tragic Mountains: The Hmong, the Americans, and the Secret Wars for Laos, 1942-1992 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993), pp. 147-8.
[13] Baird, Ian & Paul Hillmer. P. 4
[14] Hein, Jeremy. P.37
[15] Hein, Jeremy. P. 37
[16] New Mexico Historic Sites on August 8, 2026
[17] New Mexico Historic Sites August 8, 2026
[18] Denetdale, Jennifer. The Long Walk. p. 18.
[19] Denetdale, Jennifer. The Long Walk. p. 122.
[20] Iverson, Peter, p. 57.
[21] Iverson, Peter, p. 58.
[22] Michaelis, Bernhard. The Navajo Treaty 1868, p. 161.
[23] Michaelis, Bernhard. The Navajo Treaty 1868, p.164.
[24] Michaelis, Bernhard. The Navajo Treaty 1868, p.167.
[25] Denetdale, Jennifer. The Long Walk. p. 73.
[26] Lee, Jennifer. Reckoning with Asian America and the New Culture War on Affirmative Action, p 864.
[27] Tsui, Emma K., Phd, MPH and Mary Huynh, PhD. Combating Anti-Asian American /Pacific Islander Racism Through Local Health Departments and Schools of Public Health. 1470-1471.
[28] Jacobson, Robin dale and Daniel Tichenor. State of Immigration: Making Immigration Policy from Above and Below, 1875-1924.
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