The Idea of America

Notes

1. For brevity, throughout, "America" or "American" indicates United States of America.
2. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp
3. Ibid.
4. John Curl, For All the People: Uncovering the Hidden History of Cooperation, Cooperative Movements, and Communalism in America (Oakland: PM Press, 2009), 17.
5. Tocqueville, Alexis de, and J. P. Mayer. Democracy in America (New York: Perennial Classics, 2000) 68.
6. Quoted in Curl, For All the People, 26.
7. Curl, For All the People, 24-25.
8. Ibid., 25.
9. Steven Bernard Leikin, The Practical Utopians: American Workers and the Cooperative Movement in the Gilded Age (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2005), 2.
10. Ibid., 6.
11. Ibid., 7.
12. Ibid., 3-4.
13. Eric Foner, The Story of American Freedom (New York: W.W. Norton, 1998), 62.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., 4.
16. Ibid., 9.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid., 16.
19. Quoted in Eric Foner, American Freedom, 103.
20. Foner, American Freedom, 113.
21. Ibid.
22. Sarah Greenough et al, On the Art of Fixing a Shadow: One Hundred and Fifty Years of Photography (Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1989) 9.
23. Ibid., 10-11.
24. Ibid., 27.
25. American Photography: A Century of Images, Part 1. VHS. Directed by Ellen Hovde. (Atlanta: PBS, 1999).
26. Beaumont Newhall, Foreword, Seeing Straight (The Oakland Museum, 1992), viii.
27. Ibid.
28. Quoted in Therese Thau Heyman, "Perspective on Seeing Straight," Seeing Straight, 20.
29. Quoted in Peter C. Bunnell, Inside the Photograph: Writings on Twentieth-Century Photography (New York: Aperture Foundation, 2006), 69.
30. Bunnell, Inside the Photograph, 70.
31. Quoted in Bunnell, Inside the Photograph, 70.
32. Heyman, "Perspective," 21.
33. Heyman, "Perspective," 22.
34. Reprinted in Seeing Straight, 53.
35. Heyman, "Perspective," 28.
36. Listed on back cover of exhibition catalog, Seeing Straight.
37. Quoted in John Paul Edwards, "Group F:64," Camera Craft (March 1935), reprinted in Seeing Straight, 61.
38. William Mortensen, "Venus and Vulcan," Camera Craft (June 1934), reprinted in Seeing Straight, 58.
39. Quoted in Edwards, "Group F:64," 61.
40. Ansel Adams, statement for Camera Craft, c.1933, Seeing Straight, 55.
41. Heyman, "Perspective," 31.
42. Ibid., 30.
43. Ibid., 29.
44. Quoted in Amy Rule et al, Original sources: Art and Archives at the Center for Creative Photography (Tucson: Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona, 2002), 108.
45. Beaumont Newhall, Foreword, Seeing Straight, ix.
46. Heyman, "Perspective," 30.
47. Quoted in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluxus
48. Thomas Kellein, "I Make Jokes! Fluxus Through the Eyes of 'Chairman' George Maciunas," Fluxus (London: Thames and Hudson, 1995), 19.
49. Kellein, Fluxus, 15.
50. Ibid., 16-17.
51. Ibid., 21.
52. Quoted in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluxus
53. Ibid.
54. Kellein, Fluxus, 10.
55. Ibid.
56. Quoted in Kellein, Fluxus, 15.
57. Quoted in Jon Hendrix, "Uncovering Fluxus—Recovering Fluxus," Fluxus (London: Thames and Hudson, 1995), 134.
58. Ibid.
59. Quoted in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluxus
60. Kellein, Fluxus, 10.
61. Ibid., 9.
62. Ibid., 10.
63. Ibid., 11.
64. Quoted in Hendrix, "Uncovering Fluxus," 122.
65. Ibid.
66. Quoted in Kellein, Fluxus, 14.
67. Ibid., 22.
68. Ibid., 7.
69. Ibid.
70. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluxus
71. http://www.fluxnexus.com/
72. NPR Fresh Air interview, quoted in Confessions of the Guerrilla Girls (New York: HarperPerennial, 1995) 13.
73. Quoted in Suzi Gablik, Conversations Before the End of Time (London: Thames and Hudson, 1995), 222.
74. From an e-mail message to the author, July 18, 2011.
75. Quoted in Gablik, Conversations, 210-211.
76. Fresh Air interview, quoted in Confessions, 21.
77. Ibid.
78. Confessions, 46.
79. Linda Yablonsky, "Women's Work." New York Times, February 28, 2010, M2142.
80. http://guerrillagirls.com/admin/clarification.shtml
81. http://www.guerrillagirls.com/books/images/SAICcommencement5%2022%2010.pdf