Appendix/Standards
Standards
The Core Curriculum of the School District of Philadelphia is aligned to the Pennsylvania Department of Education Standards Aligned System. The standards include instruction on the following topics: chemistry, physics, and environmental science. This unit will also align with Common Core and Next Generation Science Standards.
Pennsylvania Standards
3.1.10.A: Discriminate among the concepts of systems, subsystems, feedback and control in solving technological problems.
3.1.10.B: Apply mathematical models to science and technology.
3.2.C.A3: Describe the four normal states of matter in terms of energy, particle motion, and phase transitions.
3.2.C.A6: Compare and contrast scientific theories. Know that both direct and indirect observations are used by scientists to study the natural world and universe. Identify questions and concepts that guide scientific investigations. Formulate and revise explanations and models using logic and evidence. Recognize and analyze alternative explanations and models. Explain the importance of accuracy and precision in making valid measurements. Examine the status of existing theories. Evaluate experimental information for relevance and adherence to science processes. Judge that conclusions are consistent and logical with experimental conditions. Interpret results of experimental research to predict new information, propose additional investigable questions, or advance a solution. Communicate and defend a scientific argument.
3.4.10.A: Apply knowledge of mixtures to appropriate separation techniques.
3.7.10.B: Apply appropriate instruments and apparatus to examine a variety of objects and processes.
Common Core Standards for Science and Technical Subjects
CC.3.5.11-12.A: Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account.
CC.3.5.11-12.C: Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text.
CC.3.5.11-12.H: Evaluate the hypotheses, data, analysis, and conclusions in a science or technical text, verifying the data when possible and corroborating or challenging conclusions with other sources of information.
CC.3.6.11-12.B: Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.
CC.3.6.11-12.C: Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.
CC.3.6.11-12.H: Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
Next Generation Science Standards
PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter: Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at the bulk scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles. The structure and interactions of matter at the bulk scale are determined by electrical forces within and between atoms. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on understanding the strengths of forces between particles, not on naming specific intermolecular forces (such as dipole-dipole). Examples of particles could include ions, atoms, molecules, and networked materials (such as graphite). Examples of bulk properties of substances could include the melting point and boiling point, vapor pressure, and surface tension.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include Raoult’s law calculations of vapor pressure.]
Eligible Content
CHEM.A.1.1.1: Classify physical or chemical changes within a system in terms of matter and/or energy.
CHEM.A.1.1.2: Classify observations as qualitative or quantitative.
CHEM.A.1.1.3: Utilize significant figures to communicate the uncertainty in a quantitative observation.
CHEM.A.1.1.4: Relate the physical properties of matter to is atomic or molecular structure.
CHEM.A.1.2.1: Compare properties of solutions containing ionic or molecular solutes (e.g. dissolving, dissociating).
CHEM.A.1.2.2: Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures (e.g. how such mixtures can be separated).
CHEM.A.1.2.3: Describe how factors (e.g. temperature, concentration, surface area) can affect solubility.
CHEM.A.1.2.4: Describe various ways that concentration can be expressed and calculated.
CHEM.A.1.2.5: Describe how chemical bonding can affect whether a substance dissolves in a given liquid.
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