Race, Class, and Punishment

Appendix

Virginia Standard of Learning Skills

Virginia and United States History

VUS.1 The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

a) synthesizing evidence from artifacts and primary and secondary sources to obtain information about events in Virginia and United States history;

b) using geographic information to determine patterns and trends in Virginia and United States history;

c) interpreting charts, graphs, and pictures to determine characteristics of people, places, or events in Virginia and United States history;

d) constructing arguments, using evidence from multiple sources;

e) comparing and contrasting historical, cultural, economic, and political perspectives in Virginia and United States history;

f) explaining how indirect cause-and-effect relationships impact people, places, and events in Virginia and United States history;

g) analyzing multiple connections across time and place;

h) using a decision-making model to analyze and explain the incentives for and consequences of a specific choice made;

i) identifying the rights and responsibilities of citizenship and ethical use of material and intellectual property; and

j) investigating and researching to develop products orally and in writing.

Virginia and United States Government

GOVT.1  The student will demonstrate skills for historical thinking, geographical analysis, economic decision making, and responsible citizenship by

a) planning inquiries by synthesizing information from diverse primary and secondary sources;

b) analyzing how political and economic trends influence public policy, using demographic information and other data sources;

c) comparing and contrasting historical, cultural, economic, and political perspectives;

d) evaluating critically the quality, accuracy, and validity of information to determine misconceptions, fact and opinion, and bias;

e) constructing informed, analytic arguments, using evidence from multiple sources to introduce and support substantive and significant claims;

f) explaining how cause-and-effect relationships impact political and economic events;

g) taking knowledgeable, constructive action, individually and collaboratively, to address school, community, local, state, national, and global issues;

h) using a decision-making model to analyze the costs and benefits of a specific choice, considering incentives and possible consequences;

i) applying civic virtues and democratic principles to make collaborative decisions; and

j) communicating conclusions orally and in writing to a wide range of audiences, using evidence from multiple sources and citing specific sources.