American Democracy and the Promise of Justice

CONTENTS OF CURRICULUM UNIT 19.03.04

  1. Unit Guide
  1. Introduction: Identity Genocide
  2. Historical Comparisons and Rationale
  3. Educational and Pedagogical Rationale
  4. Demographics
  5. Unit Objectives
  6. Preliminary Ancestry Study Content
  7. Student Court Room Content
  8. Teaching Strategies
  9. Culminating Writing Project
  10. Classroom Activities
  11. Adaptations and Extensions
  12. Conclusion
  13. Resources
  14. Appendix on Implementing District Standards
  15. Notes

Grade Level Gavel Student Court: Justice for All

Taryn Elise Coullier

Published September 2019

Tools for this Unit:

Resources

Annotated Bibliography for Teachers

AICE.  Documenting the Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust & Nazi Persecution

Jewish Virtual Library, 2019.  https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/documenting-numbers-of-victims-of-the-holocaust.  This source provides updated statistics and numbers on the victim count of the Holocaust. 

Aljazeera. Mapping Africa’s Natural Resources. Aljazeera Online. 2018.

https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/interactive/2016/10/mapping-africa-natural-resources-

161020075811145.html.  This article maps the resources that are farmed from the African continent.  The map and information give a color-coded, and regionally organized depiction of which resources come from each province. 

Aljazeera. Nick Dearden. Aljazeera. 2018

https://www.aljazeera.com/profile/nick-dearden.html.  This source gives information into the African Resources article author Nick Dearden.  This information is useful in citing these sources, as well as locating other relevant information on this topic and other global issues. 

Allyn, N. Nat Turner’s Rebellion, 1831. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American

History, 2019. https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/nat-turner%E2%80%99s-rebellion-1831This resource is an article on the factual, historical account of Nat Turner’s Rebellion.  This account is one that will serve as a useful resource for a debate regarding this specific event. 

Andrews, E. 7 Influential African Empires. History, 2017.

https://www.history.com/news/7-influential-african-empires.  This article gives a detailed description of the seven original African Empires.  This information will be very useful to my students in the ancestry portion of this Unit as the introduction to African American History. 

Belz, H. Abraham Lincoln, Constitutionalism and Equal Rights in the Civil War Era.

New York: Fordham University Press, 1998.  This book was used as a timeline and analytical look at the Lincoln Presidency regarding the Civil War Era.  This is a valuable research tool for teachers to create lessons on the many sides of the American President and the issues that arose during his term. 

Bennet, C. African Civilizations Map-Pre-Colonial.  New World Encyclopedia, 2008.

https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/File:African-civilizations-map-pre-colonial.svg.  This source is an image source for a map depicting the original Empires of Africa.  This is a useful image source to add to a presentation to give a better visual representation of the geographical locations of the African Empires.

Bourne, J. Slavery in the United States.  EHnet, 2019.

https://eh.net/encyclopedia/slavery-in-the-united-states/.  This article gives statistics on the number of slaves brought to the U.S. during the time of the founding of the Americas.  It also outlines the stifling number that lost their lives. 

Dearden, N. Africa is not poor, we are stealing its wealth. Aljazeera. 2017.

https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2017/05/africa-poor-stealing-wealth-

170524063731884.html.  This article is an analytical and factual look at why Africa is now considered a poor continent while it is one of the richest places regarding resources across the globe.  This information is incredibly useful in conveying the reasons why Africa is in its current state to students and colleagues. 

Dunn, J. Horowitz, D.L., Botting, E.H., Shapiro, I.  The Federalist Papers. New Haven,

Connecticut, London, England, Yale University Press 1992.  This book is a transcribed version of the Federalist Papers with an analytical introduction by Ian Shapiro.  This book is a great teacher resource for gaining and understanding of the Federalist Papers, their intent and how to share that with students regarding history. 

Digital Scholarship Lab. Redlining Richmond.  University of Richmond, 2019.

https://dsl.richmond.edu/holc/.  This source provides information on the Redlining of Richmond, Virginia since the 1930s.  This source offers visual representation as well as information on the redlining and segregation which is useful in teaching content about the civil rights movement.

Editors, H. Westward Expansion. History Online, 2009.

https://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/westward-expansion (accessed July 15, 2019).  This article shares information regarding Westward Expansion in the United States.  This is valuable research source. 

Finkelman, P. & Kennon, D. R. Lincoln, Congress and Emancipation. Ohio: Ohio University

Press, 2016. This book was used as a timeline and analytical look at the Lincoln Presidency regarding the Civil War Era.  This is a valuable research tool for teachers to create lessons on the many sides of the American President and the issues that arose during his term. 

Fortson, D.  The Garden of Eden-Black History in the Bible.  WordPress.com

http://www.blackhistoryinthebible.com/africa-and-arabia/the-garden-of-eden/ (accessed July 15, 2019).  This source contains evidence to support the claim the earliest forms of life originated on the continent of Africa.  This source provides cartographical and historical evidence that pre-dates things like the publishing of any written text. 

Garlake, P. The Kingdoms of Africa.  New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1990.

This book is an illustrated narrative of the archeological and historical findings on the continent of Africa.  This can be used as a teacher or student resource book. 

Geo, 2.0, Map of Human Migration.  Genographic Project.  National Geographic Online.

https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/human-journey/ (accessed July 15, 2019).  This resource is a map depicting the migration of humans after originating on the African Continent.  I used this cartographical representation to show the migration patterns of humans and the paths they took across the globe to create the populated regions we have today. 

Geology, C.  World Map-Political. Geoscience News and Information.

https://geology.com/world/world-map.shtml (accessed July 15, 2019).  This resource is a well coded and depicted World Map that depicts the various regions of Africa well.  Students can use this resource for research, while teachers can use this for demonstrations and geographical segments of lessons. 

Goldfield, D. America Aflame: How the Civil War Created a Nation.  Bloomsbury Press, 2011.

This book is an analytical narrative regarding the Civil War and its implications on the United States.  This is a great resource text to pull from for teachers and students in terms of looking at Historical Perspective. 

HMHSP. Virginia Social Studies: Virginia Studies.  Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

Publishing Company, 2011.  This is the fourth-grade history workbook used by Richmond Public Schools.  This is a student resource book and interactive workbook.

Holzer, H. & Gabbard S.V. Lincoln and Freedom: Slavery, Emancipation and the

Thirteenth Amendment. Illinois, Southern Illinois University Press, 1992.  This book was used as a timeline and analytical look at the Lincoln Presidency regarding the Civil War Era.  This is a valuable research tool for teachers to create lessons on the many sides of the American President and the issues that arose during his term.

Isensee, L.  Why calling slaves ‘Workers’ is more than an Editing Error. NPREd, 2015.

https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2015/10/23/450826208/why-calling-slaves-workers-is-

more-than-an-editing-error.  This online resource is a news article narrating the events of a student in Houston discovering a blatant lack of truth regarding slavery in his History textbook at school. 

Joyce, C. 315,000-Year-Old Fossils from Morocco Could be the Earliest Recorded Homo

Sapiens. NPR. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/06/07/531804528/315-000-year-old-fossils-from-morocco-could-be-earliest-recorded-homo-sapiens (accessed July 14, 2019).  This article gives information and recent archeological findings of human remains in Morocco on the continent of Africa.  This information helps further validate that the earliest recorded humans did in-fact originate from Africa prior to the split of Pangea.

Klarman, M. J. Unfinished business. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

This novel by Michael J. Klarman paints a descriptive portrait of the sheer scale of unacknowledged injustice and wrong-doing to African American people in this country.  This work goes back to very origins of the United States to offer accurate historical events as well as numbers and statistics to aid in research.

Kredo, A. U.S. to Pay Out New Reparations for the Holocaust.  The Washington Free Beacon.

https://freebeacon.com/issues/u-s-to-pay-out-new-reparations-for-holocaust/ (accessed July 14, 2019).  This source provides information regarding reparations paid by the U.S. to victims of the Holocaust in Nazi Germany.  This information shows the various accounts when reparations were paid.  I used this information for comparative and analytical research. 

Maslow, A. H. A Theory of Human Motivation. Originally Published in Psychological

Review, 50, 370-396, 1943.

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.318.2317&rep=rep1&type=pdf

This psychological theory text outlines intrinsic human motivation.  Maslow developed what we know as the “Hierarchy of Needs” which allows us to better understand what children and students need to learn and thrive. 

Michell, P. Haour, A. Hobart, J. Researching Africa’s Past. Oxford: Oxford University School of

Archaeology and the Individual Authors, 2003.  This book is an illustrated narrative of the archeological and historical findings on the continent of Africa.  This can be used as a teacher or student resource book. 

Miceli, C. Descartes: I think therefore ‘I Am’.1000 World Philosophy, 2018.

https://1000wordphilosophy.com/2018/11/26/descartes-i-think-therefore-i-am/.

This is a citing of the famous quote by the philosopher Descartes.

National, A. Declaration of Independence: A Transcription.  National Archives, 2019.

https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration-transcript

This resource is a transcription of the Declaration of Independence in the National Archives.  This is a valuable resource for students to read the exact wording of the original founding document. 

PPI. Prison Policy Initiative: Virginia Profile. Northampton, MA, 2019. 

https://www.prisonpolicy.org/profiles/VA.html.  Virginia’s Incarceration rates are higher than the national average. “69,000 people from Virginia are behind bars today” (PPI, 2019).

Schools, RPS. RPS March 15 [Brochure]. Richmond1: Richmond Public

Schools, 2016. http://web.richmond.k12.va.us/Portals/0/assets/HR/pdfs/CGCS21%20

Recommendations/Appendix%20C%20-%20MARCH15HRBROCHURE_B.pdf.  This is the online demographics chart for Richmond Public Schools.  This chart gives a detailed breakdown of the different ethnic groups that make up the school division.

Schurr, N. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry. Tennessee: University of Chattanooga, 2019.

Digital Public Library of America. https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/john-brown-s-raid-on-harper-s-ferry.  This article outlines and discussed the facts regarding the historical event of John Brown’s Raid.  This is a useful research resource for information during the Jim Crow Era. 

Straker, D. The Need for Sense of Identity. Changing Minds, 2019.

http://changingminds.org/explanations/needs/identity.htm

This online composition by David Straker, the psychologist is an analytical review of Abraham Maslow’s theory on the hierarchy of needs.  It takes a closer look at the correlation between this theory and a child’s need for identity.

UTEG. Atrocities Against Native Americans. United to End Genocide, 2016.

http://endgenocide.org/learn/past-genocides/native-americans/.  This resource is an informational activism page that raises awareness and donations for the violence and injustice inflicted on Native American people and other ethnic groups. 

Waack, S. Hattie Ranking: 252 Influences and Effect Sizes Related to Student

Achievement. Visible Learning, 2019. https://visible-learning.org/hattie-ranking-influences-effect-sizes-learning-achievement/This online resource is a list of Hattie’s effect sizes for 252 different teaching strategies. This is an invaluable resource for teachers as it can be used to track the effect sizes of your own teaching strategies and classroom practices, as well as any unit or curriculum in the process of being written.

Webster, M.  Definition of Identity. Dictionary Reference Material, 2019.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/identity.  This is the dictionary definition of identity.  This helped support my thesis on the intrinsic need for identity in order to learn and grow. 

Wormser, R. The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2003. 

This text is a book that paints a very clear picture of the hatred and abused inflicted on African Americans during the Jim Crow Era. 

Student Reading List

Brimner, L. Black & White the Confrontation of Reverence Fred L Shuttlesworth and

Eugene Bill Connor.  Pennsylvania: Boyds Mill Press, 2011.  This student resource should be used for students to explore the concept of debate regarding the civil rights movement.

Meyers, W.D. Malcom X: A Fire Burning Brightly. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.

2003. The students will use this reading resource to help gather information for their Malcom vs. Martin debate. This book gives detailed information about Malcom X at the upper elementary level.

Fradin, D.B, J.B. Velasquez, E. The Price of Freedom: How One Town Stood Up to

Slavery.  Pennsylvania: Walker & Co, 2013.  This story gives a student-friendly approach to the Fugitive Slave Act. 

List of Materials for Classroom Use

HMHSP. Virginia Social Studies: Virginia Studies.  Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

Publishing Company, 2011.  This is the fourth-grade history workbook used by Richmond Public Schools.  This is a student resource book and interactive workbook.

Musgrave, G.M. Competitive Debate: Rules and Techniques. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1957. 

This is an overview of the components of debate.  This version will be adapted for students and given to them to use in their debate reflection notebooks. 

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