Caretakers versus Exploiters: Impacting Biodiversity in the Age of Humans

CONTENTS OF CURRICULUM UNIT 20.05.10

  1. Unit Guide
  1. Introduction
  2. Learning Objectives
  3. Background
  4. Rationale
  5. Content Background
  6. Historical Background
  7. Algal Blooms
  8. Seafood Borne Illnesses
  9. Seafood Safety
  10. Statistics Concepts
  11. Teaching Activities and Strategies
  12. Appendix on Implementing District Standards
  13. References
  14. Notes

Marine Biotoxins: Invisible, Odorless, and Lethal

Lawrence Elliott Yee

Published September 2020

Tools for this Unit:

References

"Annual Mussel Quarantine." Annual Mussel Quarantine. Accessed July 11, 2020. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CEH/DRSEM/Pages/EMB/Shellfish/Annual-Mussel-Quarantine.aspx.

"Aquatic Food Webs." Aquatic Food Webs | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Accessed June 21, 2020. https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/marine-life/aquatic-food-webs.

Baird, Mike. "Marine Mammal Center Volunteers (w/ Not Seen CA State Parks And/or CA Fish and Game) Attempts to Rescue a Sea Lion in Distress (it Escaped into the Sea) on the Morro Strand State Beach." Digital image. Accessed July 30, 2020. https://www.flickr.com/photos/mikebaird/3996438669.

Binder, Jessica, and Lon. "Open Dungeness Crab 4." Digital image. Accessed July 31, 2020. https://www.flickr.com/photos/lonbinder/4023597624.

Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. "Seafood." U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed June 21, 2020. https://www.fda.gov/food/resources-you-food/seafood.

"Consumers Warned Not to Eat Sport-Harvested Bivalve Shellfish from Four California Counties." Consumers Warned Not to Eat Sport-Harvested Bivalve Shellfish from Four California Counties. July 1, 2020. Accessed July 11, 2020. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/SN20-002.aspx.

Diaz, P. Alejandro. "Red Tide, La Jolla, Ca." Digital image. Accessed July 31, 2020. https://www.flickr.com/photos/48722974@N07/4464986216/in/photostream/.

Duggan, Tara. "Five Things to Know about the 2016 Dungeness Crab Season." SFChronicle.com. December 06, 2016. Accessed June 21, 2020. https://www.sfchronicle.com/recipes/article/Five-things-to-know-about-the-2016-Dungeness-crab-10695678.php.

Fleming, Lora E. Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning. Accessed July 12, 2020. https://www.whoi.edu/science/B/redtide/illness/psp.html.

"Frequently Asked Questions: Domoic Acid in California Crabs." Frequently Asked Questions: Domoic Acid in California Crabs | California Sea Grant. Accessed June 21, 2020. https://caseagrant.ucsd.edu/project/frequently-asked-questions-domoic-acid-in-california-crabs.

Granéli, Edna, and Jefferson T. Turner. Ecology of Harmful Algae. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

Kearns, Madelyn. "US Seafood Consumption Rises to Highest Level since 2007, but Falls Short of USDA Recommendations." SeafoodSource Official Media. Accessed June 21, 2020. https://www.seafoodsource.com/news/supply-trade/us-seafood-consumption-rises-to-the-highest-level-seen-since-2007-but-falls-short-of-usda-recommendations.

Marine Biotoxin Management. Accessed June 21, 2020. https://collaboration.fda.gov/biotoxins/.

Mccabe, Ryan M., Barbara M. Hickey, Raphael M. Kudela, Kathi A. Lefebvre, Nicolaus G. Adams, Brian D. Bill, Frances M. D. Gulland, Richard E. Thomson, William P. Cochlan, and Vera L. Trainer. "An Unprecedented Coastwide Toxic Algal Bloom Linked to Anomalous Ocean Conditions." Geophysical Research Letters 43, no. 19 (2016). doi:10.1002/2016gl070023.

"Nutrient Pollution - Sources and Solutions." EPA. February 04, 2019. Accessed July 13, 2020. https://www.epa.gov/nutrientpollution/sources-and-solutions.

Perl, Trish M., Lucie Bédard, Tom Kosatsky, James C. Hockin, Ewen C.d. Todd, and Robert S. Remis. "An Outbreak of Toxic Encephalopathy Caused by Eating Mussels Contaminated with Domoic Acid." New England Journal of Medicine 322, no. 25 (1990): 1775-780. doi:10.1056/nejm199006213222504.

Phillips, Justin. "The Secret Richmond Lab Where Bay Area Crab Season Annually Learns Its Fate." SFChronicle.com. November 29, 2019. Accessed May 2, 2020. https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/article/The-secret-Richmond-lab-where-Bay-Area-crab-14869631.php.

Scholin, Christopher A., Frances Gulland, Gregory J. Doucette, Scott Benson, Mark Busman, Francisco P. Chavez, Joe Cordaro, Robert Delong, Andrew De Vogelaere, James Harvey, Martin Haulena, Kathi Lefebvre, Tom Lipscomb, Susan Loscutoff, Linda J. Lowenstine, Roman Marin Iii, Peter E. Miller, William A. Mclellan, Peter D. R. Moeller, Christine L. Powell, Teri Rowles, Paul Silvagni, Mary Silver, Terry Spraker, Vera Trainer, and Frances M. Van Dolah. "Mortality of Sea Lions along the Central California Coast Linked to a Toxic Diatom Bloom." Nature 403, no. 6765 (2000): 80-84. doi:10.1038/47481.

Starnes, Daren S., and Josh Tabor. The Practice of Statistics: For the AP® Exam. New York: Bedford, Freeman & worth, 2018.

"The Marine Mammal Center." The Marine Mammal Center. Accessed June 22, 2020. https://www.marinemammalcenter.org/science/top-research-projects/domoic-acid-toxicity.html.

Twiner, Michael, Nils Rehmann, Philipp Hess, and Gregory Doucette. "Azaspiracid Shellfish Poisoning: A Review on the Chemistry, Ecology, and Toxicology with an Emphasis on Human Health Impacts." Marine Drugs 6, no. 2 (2008): 39-72. doi:10.3390/md6020039.

US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "Harmful Algal Blooms (Red Tide)." Harmful Algal Blooms - Tiny Organisms with a Toxic Punch. April 10, 2019. Accessed July 13, 2020. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/hazards/hab/.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2015 – 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 8th Edition. December 2015. Available at https://health.gov/our-work/food-and-nutrition/2015-2020-dietary-guidelines/

Valdez-Ward, Evelyn. "Poisoned Sea Lions Are Showing up on California Beaches. Here's Why Experts Are Worried." San Luis Obispo. June 30, 2020. Accessed July 11, 2020. https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/environment/article243605787.html.

Weymouth, Frank W. "The Edible Clams, Mussels and Scallops of California." State of California Fish and Game Commission, January 10, 1921. Accessed July 10, 2020. http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt6b69n865&brand=calisphere.

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