Notes
1 J.F. Morton, “Description,” In Fruits of Warm Climates.
2 Merriam-Webster, s.v. “banana,” https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/banana?show=0&t=1357340585.
3 Jenkins, Bananas: An American History, 2.
4 Jenkins, 3.
5 Koeppel, Banana: The Fate of the Fruit that Changed the World, 52-53.
6 Koeppel, 55.
7 Jenkins, Bananas: An American History, 20-21.
8 Jenkins, 21-22.
9 Koeppel, Banana: The Fate of the Fruit that Changed the World, (58-60).
10 Koeppel, xiv-xv.
11 Koeppel, 52.
12 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Average Price: Bananas (Cost per Pound/453.6 Grams) in U.S. City Average [APU0000711211], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
13 Jenkins, Bananas: An American History, 15.
14 Evans, Edward A., Fredy H. Ballen, and Muhammad Siddiq, “Banana Production, Global Trade, Consumption Trends, Postharvest Handling, and Processing,” in Handbook of Banana Production, Postharvest Science, Processing Technology, and Nutrition, ed Muhammad Siddiq, Jasim Ahmed, and Maria Lobo, 8.
15 May and Plaza, The United Fruit Company in Latin America, 28.
16 FAO. "Leading producers of bananas worldwide in 2020, by country (in thousand metric tons)*." Chart. January 24, 2022. Statista.
17 WTEx. "Value of United States banana imports in 2020, by country of origin (in million U.S. dollars)." Chart. July 22, 2021. Statista.
18 UN Comtrade. "Leading countries of destination of banana exported from Guatemala in 2020 (in million U.S. dollars)." Chart. January 20, 2022. Statista.
19 R. Heakal, “The Investor’s Guide to Global Trade,” Investopedia.
20 R.P. Tucker, “Banana Republics Yankee Fruit Companies and the Tropical American Lowlands,” Insatiable Appetite: The United States and the Ecological Degradation of the World, 120.
21 Tucker, 125-126.
22 M. Oliver, “The Banana Wars: How the U.S. Plundered Central America on Behalf of Corporations,” All That's Interesting.
23 Koeppel, Banana: The Fate of the Fruit that Changed the World, 128.
24 O. Henry, Cabbages and Kings, 132.
25 W.T., “Where Did Banana Republics Get Their Name?” The Economist.
26 “The Journey of One Banana: A Supply Chain in Motion.” Kodiak Hub Community. Medium.
27 “All about Bananas: Producers, Where They're Grown & Why They Matter.” Banana Link.
28 “All about Bananas: Producers, Where They're Grown & Why They Matter.” Banana Link.
29 “All about Bananas: Producers, Where They're Grown & Why They Matter.” Banana Link.
30 “All about Bananas: Producers, Where They're Grown & Why They Matter.” Banana Link.
31 M. Anner, “What Difference Does a Union Make Banana Plantations in the North and South of Guatemala,” Center for Global Worker’s Rights.
32 “How Many Bananas Are in a Pound?” Reference.
33 WTEx. "Value of United States banana imports in 2020, by country of origin (in million U.S. dollars)." Chart. July 22, 2021. Statista.
34 “Guatemala,” WageIndicator.org (WageIndicator 2022).
35 “Living Wage for Central Valley Area Guatemala,” (Global Living Wage Coalition, 2022).
36 “Small Family Farms Country Factsheet: Guatemala,” (FAO, 2018).
37 “Small Family Farms Country Factsheet: Guatemala.” (FAO, 2018).
38 “Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2019,” (U.S. Department of State, 2019).
39 “Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2019,” (U.S. Department of State, 2019).
40 “Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2019,” (U.S. Department of State, 2019).
41 “Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2019,” (U.S. Department of State, 2019).
42 Henry J. Frundt, Fair Bananas! Farmers, Workers, and Consumers Strive to Change and Industry,1.
43 Frundt, 1-2.
44 Frundt, 3.
45 Frundt, 3.
46 K. Wehr, Green Culture: An a-to-Z Guide, 159.
47 Wehr, 159.
48 Wehr, 159.
49 While fair trade (two words) is a more general and inclusive term that could refer to ethical trade, the fair trade movement, or fair trade products, Fairtrade (one word) is a term only used by organizations or products that are part of the Fairtrade International system. Fairtrade International (FLO) is the Fairtrade Labeling Organization, a nonprofit organization that develops Fairtrade standards, guides and supports Fairtrade producers, and enables the development of Fairtrade markets. Indeed, there are several fair trade certification organizations, but the most recognized and largest worldwide organization that promotes fair trade is Fairtrade International.
50 “Fairtrade Commits to a Better Future for Thousands of Banana Farmers,” CSRWire
51 “Fairtrade Commits to a Better Future for Thousands of Banana Farmers,” CSRWire
52 Anner, “What Difference Does a Union Make Banana Plantations in the North and South of Guatemala.”
53 “Our Work in Guatemala with Sitrabi,” Banana Link, https://www.bananalink.org.uk/partners/guatemala/
54 “Our Work in Guatemala with Sitrabi,” Banana Link.
55 “Our Work in Guatemala with Sitrabi,” Banana Link.
56 “Our Work in Guatemala with Sitrabi,” Banana Link.
57 “Our Work in Guatemala with Sitrabi,” Banana Link.
58 A. Petrusich, “Harry Belafonte and the Social Power of Song,” The New Yorker.
59 Petrusich, “Harry Belafonte and the Social Power of Song.”
60 Petrusich, “Harry Belafonte and the Social Power of Song.”
61 “The Banana Boat Song (Day-O) by Harry Belafonte – Songfacts,” Song Meanings at Songfacts.
62 “Harry Belafonte,” Encyclopedia Britannica.
63 “Harry Belafonte,” Encyclopedia Britannica.
64 A. Petrusich, “Harry Belafonte and the Social Power of Song, The New Yorker
65 Petrusich, “Harry Belafonte and the Social Power of Song.”
66 Petrusich, “Harry Belafonte and the Social Power of Song.”
67 “ACLU Artist Ambassador Project,” American Civil Liberties Union. American Civil Liberties.
[68] “ACLU Artist Ambassador Project,” American Civil Liberties Union. American Civil Liberties.
69 Koeppel, Banana: The Fate of the Fruit that Changed the World, 65.
70 Koeppel, 65.
71 Koeppel, 65.
72 Koeppel, 65.
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