Fires, Floods, and Droughts: Impacts of Climate Change in the U.S.

CONTENTS OF CURRICULUM UNIT 22.05.02

  1. Unit Guide
  1. Introduction and Rationale
  2. Demographics
  3. Content Objectives
  4. Unit Content
  5. Teaching Strategies
  6. Activities
  7. Bibliography
  8. Teacher Resources
  9. Appendix on Implementing District Standards
  10. References

Energy Dynamics of Tropical Cyclones: The impacts of climate change

Zachary Meyers

Published September 2022

Tools for this Unit:

References

1 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) “U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters” (2022). https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/, DOI: 10.25921/stkw-7w73

2 Lampkin, Chester. “Here Is Every Hurricane to Ever Hit the DMV.” wusa9.com, May 20, 2020. https://www.wusa9.com/article/weather/every-hurricane-to-ever-hit-dc-maryland-virginia/65-14f8191d-9eb6-4e30-9d6a-f45307f44df4.

3 MySchoolDC. “Jackson-Reed | My School DC,” 2020. https://www.myschooldc.org/schools/profile/125.

School Profiles Home https://profiles.dcps.dc.gov/Jackson-Reed+High+School Accessed: 2022-07-18

4 Hoegh-Guldberg, O., D. Jacob, M. Taylor, M. Bindi, S. Brown, I. Camilloni, A. Diedhiou, R. Djalante, K.L. Ebi, F. Engelbrecht, J. Guiot, Y. Hijioka, S. Mehrotra, A. Payne, S.I. Seneviratne, A. Thomas, R. Warren, and G. Zhou, 2018: Impacts of 1.5ºC Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 175-312, doi:10.1017/9781009157940.005.

5 Choi, Charles Q. “Earth's Sun: Facts about the Sun's Age, Size and History.” Space.com. Space, June 9, 2021. https://www.space.com/58-the-sun-formation-facts-and-characteristics.html.

6 Biology LibreTexts. 2022. 8.2: Earth’s Energy Balance. [online] Available at:  https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Pittsburgh/Environmental_Science_(Whittinghill)/08%3A_Atmosphere_and_Air_Pollution/8.02%3A_Earth's_Energy_Balance  [Accessed 18 July 2022].

7 Biology LibreTexts. 2022. 8.2: Earth’s Energy Balance.

8 Biology LibreTexts. 2022. 8.2: Earth’s Energy Balance.

9 Biology LibreTexts. 2022. 8.2: Earth’s Energy Balance.

10Pradeep Thakur. Mar 5, 2017. “Un Studies Ancient Maya Structure for Hurricane Prediction - Times of India.” The Times of India. Accessed July 19, 2022. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/un-studies-ancient-maya-structure-for-hurricane-prediction/articleshow/57479329.cms.

11 Pradeep Thakur.

12 NOAA. “Hurricane Costs.” NOAA Office for Coastal Management. Accessed July 19, 2022. https://coast.noaa.gov/states/fast-facts/hurricane-costs.html#:~:text=Of%20the%20310%20billion%2Ddollar,6%2C697%20between%201980%20and%202021.

13 NOAA

14 US Department of Commerce, NOAA. “Tropical Storm Isaias Impacts: August 4th, 2020.” Tropical Storm Isaias Impacts: August 4th, 2020. NOAA's National Weather Service, December 9, 2020. https://www.weather.gov/lwx/TropicalStormIsaias.

15 World Health Organization. “Tropical Cyclones.” World Health Organization Accessed July 19, 2022. https://www.who.int/health-topics/tropical-cyclones#tab=tab_1.

16 NOAA. “Glossary of NHC Terms.” Accessed July 19, 2022. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutgloss.shtml.

17 "Research on the Gale and Hurricane in the Bay of Bengal on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th of June, 1839". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 8: 631–650. 1839

18 NOAA. “Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Activity.” Tropical cyclone climatology. Accessed July 19, 2022. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/climo/.

19 NOAA.

20 Dr. Jenni Evans, Dr. Arlene Laing. “Introduction to Tropical Meteorology 2nd Edition.” Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, Ch. 8: Tropical Cyclones. Accessed July 19, 2022. https://ftp.comet.ucar.edu/memory-stick/tropical/textbook_2nd_edition/print_8.htm.

21 Dr. Jenni Evans and Dr. Arlene Laing.

22 Dr. Jenni Evans and Dr. Arlene Laing.

23 Biology LibreTexts. 2022. 8.2: Earth’s Energy Balance.

24 Biology LibreTexts. 2022. 8.2: Earth’s Energy Balance.

25 Emanuel K. 2006. Hurricanes: Tempests in a greenhouse Physics Today. 59: 74-75. DOI: 10.1063/1.2349743 

26 Emanuel K. 2006.

27 Emanuel K. 1999. “Thermodynamic control of hurricane intensity” Nature. 401: 665-669

28 Emanuel K. 1999.

29 Emanuel K. 1999.

30 Dr. Jenni Evans and Dr. Arlene Laing.

31 Samuel J. Ling, William Moebs, Jeff Sanny. University Physics Volume 2. OpenStax. 2016. https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/3-3-first-law-of-thermodynamics

32 Samuel J. Ling, William Moebs, Jeff Sanny. University Physics Volume 2. OpenStax. 2016. https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/4-5-the-carnot-cycle

33 Samuel J. Ling, William Moebs, Jeff Sanny. OpenStax. 2016.

34 Samuel J. Ling, William Moebs, Jeff Sanny. OpenStax. 2016.

35 Samuel J. Ling, William Moebs, Jeff Sanny. OpenStax. 2016.

36 Samuel J. Ling, William Moebs, Jeff Sanny. OpenStax. 2016.

37 Samuel J. Ling, William Moebs, Jeff Sanny. OpenStax. 2016.

38 Samuel J. Ling, William Moebs, Jeff Sanny. OpenStax. 2016.

39 Gray, William M. "Tropical cyclone genesis." PhD diss., Colorado State University. Libraries, 1975.

40 Persson, Anders (1 July 1998). "How Do We Understand the Coriolis Force?". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society79 (7): 1373–1386.

41 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2013. Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. Working Group I contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1

42 NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2021. Extended reconstructed sea surface temperature (ERSST.v5). National Centers for Environmental Information. Accessed July 2022. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/extended-reconstructed-sst

43 Vecchi, G.A., Landsea, C., Zhang, W. et al. Changes in Atlantic major hurricane frequency since the late-19th century. Nat Commun 12, 4054 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24268-5

44 Vecchi, et al. 2021. 

45 Vecchi, et al. 2021. 

46 Vecchi, et al. 2021.

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