Appendix of Standards Implemented
Oklahoma Academic Standards for Science
8.PS2.1 Apply Newton’s Third Law to design a solution to a problem involving the motion of two colliding objects in a system
Students demonstrate scientific principles through the design of objects, tool, process, and system.
Students observe the interaction between the first object and the second object is equal in strength to the force that the second object exerts on the first, but in the opposite direction (Newton’s third law).
Models are used to represent systems and their interactions with input, processes, and output and energy, and power flowing within the systems.
8.PS2.2 Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object.
Emphasis is on balanced (Newton’s First Law) and unbalanced forces in a system, qualitative comparisons of forces, mass and changes in motion (Newton’s Second Law); frame of reference; and specification of units. An increase in force can be caused by increasing the mass, the acceleration, or both the mass and acceleration of an object. An example of evidence could include reasoning from mathematical expressions (F=ma).
Plan an investigation individually and collaboratively; identify independent and dependent variables and controls, what tools are needed to do the gathering, how measurements will be recorded, and how much data are needed to support a claim.
The motion of an object is determined by the sum of the forces acting on it; if the total force on the object is not zero its motion will change.
The greater the mass of the object, the greater the force needed to achieve the same change in motion.
For any given object, a larger force causes a larger change in motion.
Explanations of stability and change in natural or designed systems can be constructed by examining the changes over time and forces at different scales.
Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)
MS-ETS1-1 Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions.
MS-ETS1-2 Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.
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