Notes
[1] https://openscied.org/why-openscied/about-us/
[2] https://reportcard.doe.k12.de.us/detail.html#aboutpage?scope=school&district=32&school=282
[3] https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/what-makes-biome/
[4] Harkiolakis, N. (2013). Ecosystems. In: Idowu, S.O., Capaldi, N., Zu, L., Gupta, A.D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_382
[5] Hall, L. S. , Krausman, P. R. , & Morrison, M. L. (1997). The habitat concept and a plea for standard terminology. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 25, 173–182.
[6] Fred Van Dyke, Conservation Biology: Foundations, Concepts, Applications (Drecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008), 85.
[7] Michael Begon, Colin R. Townsend, and John L. Harper, Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems, 4th ed. (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006), 3.
[8] Jonathan M. Henwood, "The World's Temperate Grasslands: A Beleaguered Biome," Parks 8, no. 3 (1998): 31, https://parksjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/parks_8_3.pdf.
[9] https://www.globalbioenergy.org/temperate-grasslands-biome/
[10] Otto T. Solbrig, Ernesto Medina, and Juan F. Silva, eds., Biodiversity and Savanna Ecosystem Processes: A Global Perspective (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996), 1–4.
[11] Animalia, “Montane Grasslands and Shrublands,” accessed July 14, 2026, https://animalia.bio/montane-grasslands-and-shrublands/1000
[12] Wouter Buytaert et al., "Human Impact on the Hydrology of the Andean Páramos," Earth-Science Reviews 79, no. 1–2 (2006): 53–72.
[13] Madriñán, S., Cortés, A. J., & Richardson, J. E. (2013). Páramo is the world's fastest evolving and coolest biodiversity hotspot. Frontiers in Genetics, 4, Article.
Madriñán, S., Cortés, A. J., & Richardson, J. E. (2013). Páramo is the world's fastest evolving and coolest biodiversity hotspot. Frontiers in Genetics, 4, Article.
gy, "The Grassland Biome," UCMP Berkeley, accessed July 14, 2026, berkeley.edu.
[16] Biology LibreTexts, “5.4.8: Temperate Grasslands (Prairie),” accessed July 14, 2026, https://bio.libretexts.org.
[17] S. Woodward, “Temperate Grasslands,” Radford University, accessed July 14, 2026, https://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/
[18] Pan Geography, "Temperate Grasslands Biome: Location, Climate, Plants, & Animals," Global Bioenergy, last modified August 7, 2025, https://www.globalbioenergy.org/temperate-grasslands-biome/
[19] Banaras Hindu University, An Overview of Micropedological Features of Different Soil Orders, PDF, accessed July 14, 2026, https://bhu.ac.in/Images/files/SSC-604(1).pdf.
[20] Soil Survey Staff, Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 13th ed. (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2022), https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/guides-and-instructions/keys-to-soil-taxonomy
[21] "Range Management," EBSCO Research Starters, accessed July 14, 2026, https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/environmental-sciences/range-management
[22] Alan K. Knapp, John M. Briggs, David C. Hartnett, and Scott L. Collins, eds., Grassland Ecology (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).
[23] Michael L. Cain, William D. Bowman, and Sally D. Hacker, Ecology, 5th ed. (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 2020).
[24] Anderson, Roger C. “Evolution and Origin of the Central Grassland of North America: Climate, Fire, and Mammalian Grazers.” Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 133, no. 4 (2006): 626–647. https://doi.org/10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[626:EAOOTC]2.0.CO;2.
[25] Jennifer Chakravorty, John A. Harrington, and Elizabeth M. Bach, "Bison Grazing in Eastern Tallgrass Prairie Does Not Alter Plant Diversity after Five Years," Natural Areas Journal 44, no. 4 (2024): 215–222, https://doi.org/10.3375/2162-4399-44.4.215
[26] Kimmins, J. P. Forest Ecology: A Foundation for Sustainable Forest Management and Environmental Ethics in Forestry. 4th ed. Boston: Pearson, 2004.
[27] Robert Leo Smith and Thomas M. Smith, Elements of Ecology, 10th ed. (Boston: Pearson, 2019).
[28] Lisa A. Urry et al., Campbell Biology, 12th ed. (New York: Pearson, 2021), chap. 52.
[29] Stephenson, N. L. 1990. "Climatic Control of Vegetation Distribution: The Role of the Water Balance." The American Naturalist 135 (5): 649–670. https://doi.org/10.1086/285067
[30] Olson, David M., et al. 2001. "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth." BioScience 51 (11): 933–938. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2
[31] Kim H. Coder, Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome (Athens: University of Georgia Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, 2007).
[32] Richardson, A. D., et al. "Influence of Spring and Autumn Phenological Transitions on Forest Ecosystem Productivity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1555 (2010): 3227–3246. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0102
[33] Robert E. Ricklefs and Rick Relyea, The Economy of Nature, 8th ed. (New York: W. H. Freeman, 2014), chap. 16.
[34] Lisa A. Urry et al., Campbell Biology, 12th ed. (New York: Pearson, 2021), chap. 52.
[35] David M. Olson et al., "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth," BioScience 51, no. 11 (2001): 933–938. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2
[36] Kim D. Coder. Structure and Function of Mature Temperate Deciduous Forests. Athens: Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 1999.
[37] Estrella, Nicole, Elisabeth Menzel, and Annette Menzel. "Recent and Future Climate Effects on Spring and Autumn Phenology in Europe." International Journal of Biometeorology 51, no. 5 (2007): 413–424.
[38] Geiser, Fritz. "Metabolic Rate and Body Temperature Reduction During Hibernation and Daily Torpor." Annual Review of Physiology 66 (2004): 239–274.
[39] Ricklefs, Robert E., and Rick Relyea. The Economy of Nature. 8th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman, 2014.
[40] Gann, George D., et al. "International Principles and Standards for the Practice of Ecological Restoration." Restoration Ecology 27, no. S1 (2019): S1–S46. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13035.
[41] Samson, Fred, and Fritz Knopf. Prairie Conservation: Preserving North America's Most Endangered Ecosystem. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1994.

Comments: