Manipulating Biology: Costs, Benefits and Controversies

CONTENTS OF CURRICULUM UNIT 18.05.04

  1. Unit Guide
  1. Introduction and Rationale
  2. Learning Objectives
  3. Content Objectives
  4. Strategies
  5. Classroom Activities
  6. Appendix A: Implementing District Standards
  7. Bibliography
  8. Endnotes

Feeding the World Using Genetically Modified Organisms: A Survey of GMO Technology and its Impact on Agricultural Production

Michael Albert Doody

Published September 2018

Tools for this Unit:

Bibliography

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Brody. 2018. "Are GMOs safe to eat?" New York Times, April 23.

Brookes, Graham, and Peter Barfoot. 2017. "Environmental impacts of genetically modifies (GM) crop ise 1996-2015: Impacts on pesticide use and carbon emissions." GM Crops and Food 8: 117-147.

Charles, Dan. 2012. "The Salt." Top Five Myths of Genetically Modified Seeds, Busted. October 18. Accessed July 14, 2018. https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2012/10/18/163034053/top-five-myths-of-genetically-modified-seeds-busted.

Charles, Daniel. 2001. Lords of the Harvest: Biotech, Big Money, and the Future of Food. New York City: Basic Books.

Clancy, Kelly E. 2017. The Politics of Genetically Modified Organisms in the United States and Europe. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Diamond, Jared. 2002. "Evolution, consequences and future of plant and animal domestication." Nature 418: 700-707.

Doxzen, Kevin. 2018. "Make a sustainable choice: Buy GMO food." San Francisco Chronicle, April 6.

Fawzy, Georges, and Heather Ray. 2017. "Genome editing of crops: A renwed opportunity for food security." GM Crops & Food 8: 1-12.

Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge, Seth Wechsler, Mike Livingston, and Lorraine Mitchell. 2014. Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States. Washington, D.C.: United Stated Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service.

Hauck, Darren. 2014. Supreme Court hands Monsanto victory over farmers on GMO seed patents, ability to sue. January 15. Accessed July 14, 2018. https://www.rt.com/usa/monsanto-patents-sue-farmers-547/.

Hu, Honghong, and Lizhong Xiong. 2014. "Genetic Engineering and Breeding of Drought-Resistant Crops." Annual Review of Plant Biology 65: 715-741.

Humphrey, JH, KP West, and A Sommer. 1992. "Vitamin A deficiency and attributable mortality in under-5-year-olds." WHO Bulletin 70: 225-232.

Hunter, Mitchell C, Richard G Smith, Meagan E Schipanski, Atwood Lesley W, and David A Mortensen. 2017. "Agriculture in 2050: Recalibrating Targets for Sustainable Intensification." BioScience 67: 386-391.

James, Clive. 2016. "Biotech Information Resources." ISAAA Brief 52-2016: Executive Summary. Accessed July 13, 2018. http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/52/executivesummary/default.asp.

Johnson, Nathaniel. 2014. "Grist." What I learned from six months of GMO research: None of it matters. January 9. Accessed May 25, 2018. https://grist.org/food/what-i-learned-from-six-months-of-gmo-research-none-of-it-matters/.

Katiraee, Layla, and Karl Haro von Mogel. 2015. "Biology Fortified." Crop Modification Techniques. July 17. Accessed July 11, 2018. https://www.biofortified.org/info/graphic-en/crop-modification-techniques/.

Levitan, Dave. 2017. Not a Scientist: How Politicians Mistake, Misrepresent, and Utterly Mangle Science. New York, NY: Norton.

Miller, G Tyler, and Scott E Spoolman. 2015. Living in the Environment. 18th. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.

Monosson, Emily. 2015. Unnatural Selection: How we are changing life, gene by gene. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

National Research Council. 2012. A framework for K-12 science education: practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press.

Otto, Shawn. 2016. The War on Science: Who's Waging It, Why It Matters, What We Can Do About It. Minneapolit, MN: Milkweed Editions.

Paarlberg, Robert. 2010. "GMO foods and crops: Africa's choice." New Biotechnology 27: 609-613.

Paine, Jacqueline A, Catherine A Shipton, Sunandha Chaggar, Rhian M Howells, Mike J Kennedy, Gareth Vernon, Susan Y Wright, et al. 2005. "Improving the nutritional value of Golden Rice through increased pro-vitamin A content." Nature Biotechnology 23: 482-487.

Porter, J.R., Xie, L., Challinor, A.J., Cochrane, K., Howden, S.M., Iqbal, M.M., Lobell, D.B., and Travasso, M.I. 2014. "Food security and food production systems." In Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability: Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects, Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of thr Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by C.B., Barros, V.R., Dokken, D.J., Mach, K.J., Mastandrea, M.D., Bilir, T.E., Chatterjee, M., Ebi, K.L., Estrada, Y.O., Genova, R.C., Girma, B., Kissel, E.S., Levy, A.N., MacCracken, S., Mastrandrea, P.R., and White, L.L. Fiels, 485-533. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Purugganan, Michael D., and Dorian, Q Fuller. 2009. "The nature of selection during plant domestication." Nature 457: 843-848.

Roser, Max, and Hannah Ritchie. 2018. "Our World in Data." Yields and Land Use in Agriculture. Accessed July 14, 2018. https://ourworldindata.org/yields-and-land-use-in-agriculture#yields-across-the-world-in-key-crops.

Tabashnik, Bruce E, Thierry Brevault, and Yves Carriere. 2013. "Insect resistance to Bt crops: lessons from the first billion hectares." Nature Biotechnology 31: 510-521.

Thorpe, Gary S. 2015. AP Environmental Science. 6th Edition. New York City: Barrons.

Tscharntke, T, AM Klein, A Kruess, I Steffen-Dewenter, and C Thies. 2005. "Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity- ecosystem service management." Ecology Letters 8: 857-874.

University of Georgia. 2009. "MAIZE Project." Ancestors of Maize. Accessed July 10, 2018. http://maize.uga.edu/index.php?loc=ancestors.

Vega, Patricia Anne. 2018. "International Rice Research Institute." Golden Rice meets food safety standards in three global leading regulatory agencies. May 25. Accessed July 13, 2018. http://irri.org/news/media-releases/golden-rice-meets-food-safety-standards-in-three-global-leading-regulatory-agencies.

Zhang, F, Y Wen, and X Guo. 2014. "CRISPR/Cas9 for genome editing: progress, implications, and challenges." Human Molecular Genetics 23: 40-46.

Zimmer, Carl. 2018. She Has Her Mother's Laugh: The Powers, Perversions, and Potential of Heredity. New York City: Dutton.

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