Bibliography
ASTM. Standard Practice for Calculating Solar Reflectance Index of Horizontal and Low-Sloped Opaque Surfaces. 2019. I used to incorporate the SRI Calculations.
Bennett, Ryan. 2020. Building a Heat-Resilient Community in Richmond, Virginia. This is an image that I created demonstrating evapotranspiration.
Helfand, Judith. Cooked: Survival by Zip code. 2018. This is a documentary I watched about the Chicago heat event.
Li, Hui & Harvey, J & Holland, Thomas & Kayhanian, Masoud. 2013. The use of reflective and permeable pavements as a potential practice for heat island mitigation and stormwater management. This showed why permeable pavement can be ineffective at times.
Robert K. Nelson, LaDale Winling, Richard Marciano, Nathan Connolly, et al., Mapping Inequality. 2020. I used this to examine which neighborhodds in Richmond were redlined in the 1930s.
richmondtreestewards.org/projects/community-roots/ (Accessed July 13, 2020) I used this to find a local Richmond example of a tree initiative.
Vaidyanathan A, Malilay J, Schramm P, Saha S. 2020. Heat-Related Deaths — United States, 2004–2018. This was an eye-opening longitudinal study showing the heat related death rates among races.
w2.weather.gov/climate/ (Accessed July 1, 2020). I used this to find average sumer temperatures of Chicago and Richmond.
www.epa.gov/heatislands (Accessed May 30, 2020) I used this to find all EPA research on heat islands.
www.groundworkrva.org/ (Accessed July 7, 2020). This helped me link redlining to urban heat islands.
www.npr.org/2017/05/03/526655831/a-forgotten-history-of-how-the-u-s-government-segregated-america (Accessed July 8, 2020). A great npr article discussing the book by Richard Rothstein the Color of Law and the history of redlining in the United States.
www.projecthomes.org/ (Accessed July 13, 2020). I found this to document a Richmond weatherization program.
www.richmond300.com/marketingMasterPlan/draft (Accessed July 13, 2020 An interesting master plan for the next 30 years after 2020, that plans to increase green spaces in Richmond to lessen the impact of the Urban Heat Island effect.
www.richmondgov.com/PublicWorks/documents/TreePolicyOrdinance_92-231-227.pdf (Accessed July 13, 2020). I used this to show an example of a tree ordinance in a local government.
www.richmondgov.com/PublicUtilities/WastewaterTreatmentCollection.aspx (Accessed July 13, 2020). I used this to show an example in Richmond of local government showing an example of a green roof.
www.richmondgov.com/PublicWorks/UrbanForestry.aspx (Accessed July 13, 2020). I used this to document a local government urban forestry program.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2012. Cool Pavements. I used this paper by the EPA to research Cool Pavements.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Cool Roofs. I used this paper by the EPA to research Cool Roofs.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Green Roofs. I used this paper by the EPA to research Green Roofs.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Heat Island Reduction Activities. I used this paper by the EPA to research policy and activities to reduce urban heat.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Trees and Vegetation. I used this paper by the EPA to research trees and vegetation.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Urban Heat Island Basics. I used this paper by the EPA to understand what an urban heat island is.
Virginia Commonwealth University. VCU Twitter Page. 2015. A picture of intensive green roofing at VCU in Richmond, Virginia.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_apVv7dbMQ&feature=emb_logo A video produced by Chief Scientist of the Science Museum of Virginia Jeremy Hoffman. Jeremy is a leading researcher in the Urban Heat Island effect.
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