Supreme Court cases:
Bakke v. U of California, (1978) for race.
Bakke v. U of California was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.
Craig v. Boren, (1976) for gender issues.
In Craig v. Boren, the Court threw out a law that treated men and women differently in setting a drinking age. The case set out the new standard of judicial review in cases involving sex discrimination and intermediate scrutiny.
Two landmark court cases served to strengthen and further define the Equal Pay Act:
Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Co. (1970), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Ruled those jobs need to be "substantially equal" but not "identical" to fall under the protection of the Equal Pay Act. An employer cannot, for example, change the job titles of women workers to pay them less than men.
Corning Glass Works v. Brennan (1974), U.S. Supreme Court
Ruled that employers cannot justify paying women lower wages because they traditionally received the "going market rate." A wage differential occurring "simply because men would not work at the low rates paid women" was unacceptable.
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