Democracy and Inequality: Challenges and Possible Solutions

CONTENTS OF CURRICULUM UNIT 21.03.05

  1. Unit Guide
  1. Introduction
  2. Content Objectives
  3. Classroom Context
  4. The Unit
  5. Gender Wage Gap
  6. Teaching Strategies
  7. Create E.R.A. Timeline
  8. Evaluate Visual and Written Documents and Speeches
  9. Socratic Seminar
  10. Gallery Walk
  11. Classroom Activities
  12. Supreme Court cases:
  13. Bibliography
  14. Student Resources
  15. Appendix on Implementing District Standards:
  16. Endnotes:

Breaking Barriers: The Fight for Gender Equality, Equal Pay and Civil Rights

Cinde Berkowitz

Published September 2021

Tools for this Unit:

Endnotes:

1 Article V of the Constitution New momentum for Equal Rights Amendment | The Hill. https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/426126-new-momentum-for-womens-equal-rights-amendment.

2 Brooke speaks with “Mrs. America creator Dahvi Wallerhttps://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/otm/episodes/brooke-speaks-mrs-america-creator-dahvi-waller.

3 The history of the Equal Rights Amendment https://www.eracoalition.org/the-amendment The Equal Rights Amendment.

4 Siegel, Reva. "Constitutional Culture, Social Movement Conflict, and Constitutional Change: The Case of the de facto E.R.A." 2005-2006 Brennan Center Symposium Lecture. p. 1327.

5 “Women’s Rights, American Civil Liberties Union,” https://www.aclu.org/issues/womens-rights.

6 “Women in Labor History,” https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/women-in-labor-history.

7 “The Right to Vote,” http://teachers.yale.edu/curriculum/viewer/initiative_19.03.02_u.

8 “United States: Executive Order on Establishment of Gender Policy Council," March 2021.

9 Equalitynow.org.

10 “United States: Executive Order on Establishment of the White House Gender Policy Council.” MENA Report, Albawaba (London) Ltd., Mar. 2021.

11 Ibid.

12 “Can a Women be Elected President,” https://gantnews.com/2007/09/22/can-a-woman-be-elected-president/.

13 "The Long Road to Equality: What Women Won from the E.R.A. Ratification Effort," https://guides.loc.gov/american-women-essays/era-ratification-effort.

14 Mansbridge, Jane J. Why We Lost the E.R.A., 15.

15 “Mrs. America Roundtable: Historians Respond,” https://womenatthecenter.nyhistory.org/mrs-america-roundtable-historians-respond/.

16 “Peace, Love, Art, Activism,” https://woodstockwhisperer.info/2016/12/15/december-15-peace-love-art-activism/.

17 “Five Laws Ruth Bader Ginsburg Championed to Support Gender Equality,” https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/gender-equality-laws-quotes-ruth-bader-ginsburg/.

18 “The Equal Rights Amendment Could Still Pass Today,” https://www.equalrightsamendment.org/faq/.

19 Siegel, Reva. "Constitutional Culture, Social Movement Conflict, and Constitutional Change: The Case of the de facto E.R.A.," 1333.

20 ‘Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg Discussed Roe v. Wade, her Legal Career, and Women on the Supreme Court,” https://www.law.nyu.edu/news/Ruth-Bader-Ginsburg-Kenji-Yoshino-Center-for-Diversity-Inclusion-and-Belonging.

21 14th Amendment to the Constitution, Equal Protection Clause.

22 Berry, Mary F. Why E.R.A. Failed: Politics, Women's Rights, and the Amending Process of the Constitution, p.68.

23 Siegel, Reva. "Constitutional Culture, Social Movement Conflict, and Constitutional Change: The Case of the de facto E.R.A.," 1334.

24 Ibid.,1339.

25 https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/elizabeth-cady-stanton.

26 Graetz and Shapiro, The Wolf at the Door, Chapter 2.

27 Ginsburg, Ruth B., and Wendy W. Williams, 143.

28 “If You Are Over the Age of 47, Women Couldn’t Have a Bank Account Without Aa Man-RBG Changed That,” https://www.etinside.com/if-you-are-over-the-age-of-47-women-couldnt-have-a-bank-account-without-a-man-rbg-changed-that/.

29 Craig v. Boren: “The Case Remembered for Giving Us Intermediate Scrutiny,” https://www.thoughtco.com/craig-v-boren-3529460.

30 “The Supreme Court: Women in News,” https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/15/us/supreme-court-woman-rejected-clerk-chosen-justice-ruth-joan-bader-ginsburg.html.

31 Ibid.

32 “The ACLU, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, And Me,” https://www.aclu.org/issues/womens-rights/aclu-ruth-bader-ginsburg-and-me.

33 "R.B.G. Film Director Reflects on Ruth Bader Ginsburg's Lifelong Fight for Gender Equity," https://www.democracynow.org/2020/9/21/rbg_julie_cohen.

34 “Ideological Preferences and Hollow Hopes,” https://press.uchicago.edu/books/rosenberg/index.html.

35 Rosenberg, Gerald N. The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring About Social Change? Second Edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008, 127.

36 Ibid., 127-129.

37 Ibid., 177-181.

38 “How Covid-19 Shecession is Revealing Opportunities for Women and Employers,” https://gnapartners.com/resources.

39 “Gender pay gap in U.S. Held Steady in 2020 https://www.pewresearch.org/fasct-tank/2021/05/25/gender-pay-gap-facts/.

40 “When Hard Work is Not Enough,” http://nwlc.org /wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Women-in-Low-Paid-Jobs-report_ES_pp01.pdf.

41 “The Wage Gap: A History of Pay Inequity and the Equal Pay Act” https://www.infoplease.com/us/society-culture/gender-sexuality/equal-pay-act.

42 Okin, Susan M. Justice, Gender, and the Family. 1989.

43 “Soccer Star Megan Rapinoe On Equal Pay, and What the U.S. Flag Means to Her,” https://www.npr.org/2020/11/09/933018609/soccer-star-megan-rapinoe-on-equal-pay-and-what-the-u-s-flag-means-to-her.

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